Abstract
【Objectives】Long- term unreasonable use of concentrated chemical fertilizers brings unbalance supply of other nutrients,calcium,magnesium,sulfur,silicon and other trace elements fertilizers emerge as crop yield limiting and quality factors. This article is aimed to determine the optimum fertilization of silicon- calcium fertilizer( Si Ca),nitrogen fertilizer( N) and phosphate fertilizer( P) in pepper. 【Methods】A secondary saturation D-optimal design with three factors was applied to analyze the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and silicon calcium fertilizer on yield and quality of pepper using the DPS software. According to data of pepper yield and quality got in2013,regression equation between the pepper yield and quality and nitrogen,phosphorus and silicon calcium fertilizers was set up through optimizing the polynomial regression analysis first. Then,the feasibility of model,including main and single factors and factor interaction,was tested using F test of the equations and t test of the regression coefficients. The model decision was finally simulated by computer,and the fertilization scheme was put forward for the high yield and good quality of the pepper. 【Results】The results of model analyses show that the impacts of Si- Ca,N and P fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper are significant,and the interaction between the any two factors are also significant. In the coding range,taking the interaction effect of Si- Ca and N for a case,the interaction space with higher pepper yield is medium Si- Ca level with high N level,while the interaction space with better pepper quality is high Si- Ca level with medium N level. The affected orders of three factors on pepper yield are: N P Si- Ca,while the influences on the quality are opposite. Pepper yield and quality are improved with the applied amounts of Si- Ca,N and P increasing under the soil fertility level,and decreased under the high fertilization level. Through the computer simulation,when the yield reaches 4500-6000 kg / ha and the comprehensive score of quality is above 95,the optimal fertilization amounts of Si- Ca,N and P are304. 76- 398. 24 kg / ha,220. 05- 263. 26 kg / ha and 44. 80- 64. 50 kg / ha respectively. Considering marginal utility,when the yield reaches 5916. 23 kg / ha and the maximum economic benefit is 80548. 64 yuan / ha,the optimal fertilization amounts of Si Ca,N and P are 332. 66 kg / ha,250. 58 kg / ha,57. 75 kg / ha respectively,and the ratio is 1: 0. 75: 0. 17. 【Conclusions】The proper application of Si- Ca,N and P can increase the yield and quality,and regulate pepper nutrient absorption and other functions,but excessive application can cause a reduced yield,quality and so on. The model constructed can explain in detail the influence of three kinds of fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper,and the interaction of the three fertilizers can be obtained through the simulation model.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Si-Ca, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had significant effects on pepper yield.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The results of model analyses show that the impacts of Si- Ca,N and P fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper are significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Si-Ca, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had significant effects on pepper quality.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The results of model analyses show that the impacts of Si- Ca,N and P fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper are significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Pairwise fertilizer interactions were significant.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the interaction between the any two factors are also significant.”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium Si-Ca with high nitrogen corresponded to higher pepper yield.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction space with higher pepper yield is medium Si- Ca level with high N level”
Claim · model-written summary
High Si-Ca with medium nitrogen corresponded to better pepper quality.
Verbatim
e0“the interaction space with better pepper quality is high Si- Ca level with medium N level”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, phosphorus, then Si-Ca ranked by influence on pepper yield.
Verbatim
e0“The affected orders of three factors on pepper yield are: N P Si- Ca”
Claim · model-written summary
The influence ranking for quality was opposite the yield ranking.
Verbatim
e0“while the influences on the quality are opposite.”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing applied fertilizer rates improved pepper yield under the soil fertility level.
- Taxon
- Peppere0
- Treatment
- applied amounts of Si- Ca,N and P increasinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under the soil fertility levele0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pepper yield and quality are improved with the applied amounts of Si- Ca,N and P increasing under the soil fertility level”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing applied fertilizer rates improved pepper quality under the soil fertility level.
- Taxon
- Peppere0
- Treatment
- applied amounts of Si- Ca,N and P increasinge0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under the soil fertility levele0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pepper yield and quality are improved with the applied amounts of Si- Ca,N and P increasing under the soil fertility level”
Claim · model-written summary
High fertilization reduced pepper yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pepper yield and quality are improved with the applied amounts of Si- Ca,N and P increasing under the soil fertility level,and decreased under the high fertilization level.”
Claim · model-written summary
High fertilization reduced pepper quality.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pepper yield and quality are improved with the applied amounts of Si- Ca,N and P increasing under the soil fertility level,and decreased under the high fertilization level.”
Claim · model-written summary
For the modeled target yield and quality, the optimal Si-Ca amount was 304. 76- 398. 24 kg / ha.
Verbatim
e0“when the yield reaches 4500-6000 kg / ha and the comprehensive score of quality is above 95,the optimal fertilization amounts of Si- Ca,N and P are304. 76- 398. 24 kg / ha,220. 05- 263. 26 kg / ha and 44. 80- 64. 50 kg / ha respectively.”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
For the modeled target, optimal nitrogen was 220. 05- 263. 26 kg / ha.
Verbatim
e0“when the yield reaches 4500-6000 kg / ha and the comprehensive score of quality is above 95,the optimal fertilization amounts of Si- Ca,N and P are304. 76- 398. 24 kg / ha,220. 05- 263. 26 kg / ha and 44. 80- 64. 50 kg / ha respectively.”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
For the modeled target, optimal phosphorus was 44. 80- 64. 50 kg / ha.
Verbatim
e0“when the yield reaches 4500-6000 kg / ha and the comprehensive score of quality is above 95,the optimal fertilization amounts of Si- Ca,N and P are304. 76- 398. 24 kg / ha,220. 05- 263. 26 kg / ha and 44. 80- 64. 50 kg / ha respectively.”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimization gave an Si-Ca amount of 332. 66 kg / ha.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal fertilization amounts of Si Ca,N and P are 332. 66 kg / ha,250. 58 kg / ha,57. 75 kg / ha respectively,and the ratio is 1: 0. 75: 0. 17.”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimization gave a nitrogen amount of 250. 58 kg / ha.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal fertilization amounts of Si Ca,N and P are 332. 66 kg / ha,250. 58 kg / ha,57. 75 kg / ha respectively,and the ratio is 1: 0. 75: 0. 17.”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimization gave a phosphorus amount of 57. 75 kg / ha.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal fertilization amounts of Si Ca,N and P are 332. 66 kg / ha,250. 58 kg / ha,57. 75 kg / ha respectively,and the ratio is 1: 0. 75: 0. 17.”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimization produced a target yield of 5916. 23 kg / ha.
Verbatim
e0“when the yield reaches 5916. 23 kg / ha and the maximum economic benefit is 80548. 64 yuan / ha”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimization produced maximum benefit of 80548. 64 yuan / ha.
Verbatim
e0“when the yield reaches 5916. 23 kg / ha and the maximum economic benefit is 80548. 64 yuan / ha”
t0“pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The constructed model explains fertilizer effects on pepper yield and quality.
Verbatim
e0“The model constructed can explain in detail the influence of three kinds of fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper”