Abstract
The seeds from 18 provenance populations of Robinia pseudocacia distributing in the middle Europe and the United States were collected and planted in a nursery in Waldsiversdorf, Germany. Using the leave from the two years old seedlings as materials, the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the provenances were studied. Using starch gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 7 enzyme systems (Amylase, Fluorescent esterase, Leucine aminopeptidase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Malate dehydrogenase, 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and Shikimate dehydrogenase) that could make the genetic analysis were tested. Twelve of the 14 loci studied showed detectable polymorphism. There were significant differences among the polymorphism loci. The number of alleles per locus (A/L) and the number of genotypes per locus(G/L) changed from 1.56 to3.67 and 1.61 to 7.11, respectively. The effective number of alleles per locus (Ae) ranged from 1.02 to 2.50 and the expected heterozygosity (He) from 0.02 to 0.56. Among the allele frequencies, some biggish differences were found in the same locus. At many loci, some genes in some provenance populations appeared with very low frequency or they did not appear.Large genetic differences existed in different provenance populations. The mean number of alleles per locus, the mean effective number of alleles per locus and the mean expected heterozygosity were relatively less in 8 Germanic provenance populations. However, among different provenance populations big differences and evident changes in these population genetics parameters occurred, indicating that in the 8 Germanic provenance populations, the genetic differentiation within the groups was relatively less, whereas among the groups was relatively greater. In contrast, in the 8 provenance populations from Hungary and Slovakia, these population genetics parameters within the groups were relatively greater, but differences among the groups were relatively less. The allele frequency per locus changed accordantly among the groups of the provenance populations, and this made it clear that the differentiation within the groups of the provenance populations was more biggish compared with that among the groups.No evident geographic patterns of the Robinia pseudocacia seed sources happened and the difference between provenance populations from Europe and the United States was not observed. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test indicated that 88.41% of loci had no significant deviations from H-W genetic equilibrium. The allele and the genotype frequencies remained a relatively high stability among each groups. The mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.052, suggesting that 5.2% of the allozyme variability was attributed to the differentiation among the provenance populations while the remaining 94.8% resided within the different provenance populations. We may conclude that the potential in improvement of Robinia pseudocacia is great and the initial selections in the breeding programs should concentrate on intrapopulational variation.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve of fourteen allozyme loci were polymorphic.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacaciat0 - Outcome
- detectable polymorphisme0
- Value
- Twelve of the 14 locie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“Twelve of the 14 loci studied showed detectable polymorphism”
Claim · model-written summary
Polymorphism differed significantly among loci.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- differences among the polymorphism locie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“There were significant differences among the polymorphism loci”
Claim · model-written summary
Alleles per locus ranged from 1.56 to 3.67.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- number of alleles per locuse0
- Direction
- changede0
- Value
- 1.56 to3.67e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“The number of alleles per locus (A/L) and the number of genotypes per locus(G/L) changed from 1.56 to3.67 and 1.61 to 7.11, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes per locus ranged from 1.61 to 7.11.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- number of genotypes per locuse0
- Direction
- changede0
- Value
- 1.61 to 7.11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“The number of alleles per locus (A/L) and the number of genotypes per locus(G/L) changed from 1.56 to3.67 and 1.61 to 7.11, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective alleles per locus ranged from 1.02 to 2.50.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- effective number of alleles per locuse0
- Value
- 1.02 to 2.50e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“The effective number of alleles per locus (Ae) ranged from 1.02 to 2.50”
Claim · model-written summary
Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.02 to 0.56.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- expected heterozygositye0
- Value
- 0.02 to 0.56e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“the expected heterozygosity (He) from 0.02 to 0.56”
Claim · model-written summary
Allele frequencies differed at the same locus.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- allele frequenciese0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“Among the allele frequencies, some biggish differences were found in the same locus”
Claim · model-written summary
Some genes were absent or rare in some provenance populations.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- genes in some provenance populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“At many loci, some genes in some provenance populations appeared with very low frequency or they did not appear”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic differences among provenance populations were large.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- genetic differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“Large genetic differences existed in different provenance populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Germanic provenances had relatively lower mean allele number, effective allele number and heterozygosity.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Material
- 8 Germanic provenance populationse0
- Outcome
- mean number of alleles per locus, the mean effective number of alleles per locus and the mean expected heterozygositye0
- Direction
- relatively lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“The mean number of alleles per locus, the mean effective number of alleles per locus and the mean expected heterozygosity were relatively less in 8 Germanic provenance populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic differentiation in Germanic provenances was lower within groups and greater among groups.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Material
- 8 Germanic provenance populationse0
- Outcome
- genetic differentiation within the groupse0
- Direction
- relatively lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“in the 8 Germanic provenance populations, the genetic differentiation within the groups was relatively less, whereas among the groups was relatively greater”
Claim · model-written summary
Hungarian and Slovak provenances had greater within group genetic variation.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Material
- 8 provenance populations from Hungary and Slovakiae0
- Outcome
- population genetics parameters within the groupse0
- Direction
- relatively greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“in the 8 provenance populations from Hungary and Slovakia, these population genetics parameters within the groups were relatively greater”
Claim · model-written summary
Hungarian and Slovak provenances had smaller among group differences.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- differences among the groupse0
- Direction
- relatively lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“differences among the groups were relatively less”
Claim · model-written summary
Within group differentiation exceeded among group differentiation overall.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- differentiation within the groupse0
- Direction
- more biggishe0
- Comparator
- among the groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“the differentiation within the groups of the provenance populations was more biggish compared with that among the groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed sources lacked evident geographic structure.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- geographic patterns of the Robinia pseudocacia seed sourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“No evident geographic patterns of the Robinia pseudocacia seed sources happened”
Claim · model-written summary
European and US provenances did not differ observably.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- difference between provenance populations from Europe and the United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“the difference between provenance populations from Europe and the United States was not observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Most loci did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- deviations from H-W genetic equilibriume0
- Value
- 88.41%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“88.41% of loci had no significant deviations from H-W genetic equilibrium”
Claim · model-written summary
Allele and genotype frequencies were relatively stable among groups.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- allele and the genotype frequenciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“The allele and the genotype frequencies remained a relatively high stability among each groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean gene differentiation coefficient was 0.052.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- mean coefficient of gene differentiatione0
- Value
- 0.052e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“The mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.052”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend initial breeding selections based on within population variation.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- initial selections in the breeding programs should concentrate on intrapopulational variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Robinia pseudoacacia”
e0“the initial selections in the breeding programs should concentrate on intrapopulational variation”