Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi are soil inhabitants in a variety of ecosystems including agroecosystems,forest ecosystems,desert ecosystems,sea island ecosystems etc.They form mutual symbiosis with plant roots and play an important role in increasing sustainable agricultural production and keeping ecological balance.Among the ecosystems,agroecosystems have many forms,and are very large and complicated.They include many subecosystems,such as wheat field ecosystems,rice field ecosystems,orchard ecosystems,grassland ecosystems,covered shed farming ecosystems,etc.Research into mycorrhizas,and particularly AM and AM fungal diversity in agroecosystems,has received more attention in recent years.It has been shown that agroecosystems have rich diversity of AM fungi.There are also large differences in morphological and anatomical structures of mycorrhizas developed in various agroecosystems.The functional roles of AM fungi include bioremediation of soils,induction of disease resistance of plants,increase of nutrient circulation in ecosystems,enhancement of sustainable agricultural production,and maintenance of agroecosystem stability.Both biotic and nonbiotic factors influence biodiversity of AM fungi.It is obvious that host plants are the most important biotic factor which affects AM fungal biodiversity.More and more experiments have proved that plant species diversity determines the species diversity of AM fungi under different modern agroecosystem conditions.There are large differences in AM fungal diversity between traditional and organic agricultural management practices.Fertilization,irrigation and other farming practices are also important strategies in regulating AM fungal diversity.There are four research topics in the present and planned study:(1) to investigate AM fungal diversity in rice field ecosystems,grassland ecosystems,and covered shed farming ecosystems,in order to verify the species and genera composition,dominant group or community,species richness,and other resource status;(2) to study resource ecology of AM fungi in agroecosystems by field surveying and laboratory analysis,to determine the characteristics of key ecological factors that affect incidence,richness,relative aboundance,evenness,and diversity of AM fungi;(3) to set up long-term observation sites in subecological systems and to research the functional diversity of AM fungi,to clarify the important role of AM fungi in increasing agricultural production,and to improve ecological environment and keep ecological balance;and(4) to explore and evaluate pathways of regulating AM fungal diversity,to provide foundations and techniques for the field application of AM fungi.The future research prospects are also discussed in the paper.It was concluded that both differences and similarities of AM diversity,AM fungal species diversity and their functional diversity existed among the various agroecosystems.Carrying out related research work is helpful to protect biotic resources and biodiversity,to maintain ecological balance,to establish a multiple-level and comprehensive management system,and to obtain the most effective,high quality and yield,and sustainable development of agroecosystems.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi form mutual symbiosis with plant roots.
Not reportedInteractor
Verbatim
e0“They form mutual symbiosis with plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi increase sustainable agricultural production.
Verbatim
e0“play an important role in increasing sustainable agricultural production”
e1“They form mutual symbiosis with plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Agroecosystems have rich AM fungal diversity.
- Outcome
- rich diversity of AM fungie0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“agroecosystems have rich diversity of AM fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal morphology and anatomy differ among agroecosystems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“There are also large differences in morphological and anatomical structures of mycorrhizas developed in various agroecosystems”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi induce plant disease resistance.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- disease resistancee0
Verbatim
e0“induction of disease resistance of plants”
e1“The functional roles of AM fungi include bioremediation of soils,induction of disease resistance of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi enhance sustainable agricultural production.
Verbatim
e0“enhancement of sustainable agricultural production”
e1“They form mutual symbiosis with plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant species diversity determines AM fungal species diversity.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Outcome
- species diversity of AM fungie0
- Qualifier
- plant species diversitye0
- Setting
- modern agroecosystem conditionse0
Not reportedInteractorDirection
Verbatim
e0“plant species diversity determines the species diversity of AM fungi under different modern agroecosystem conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal diversity differs between traditional and organic management.
- Outcome
- AM fungal diversitye0
- Direction
- large differencese0
- Comparator
- traditional and organic agricultural management practicese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“large differences in AM fungal diversity between traditional and organic agricultural management practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization, irrigation and farming practices regulate AM fungal diversity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization,irrigation and other farming practices are also important strategies in regulating AM fungal diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal diversity has differences and similarities among agroecosystems.
- Outcome
- AM diversity,AM fungal species diversity and their functional diversitye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“both differences and similarities of AM diversity,AM fungal species diversity and their functional diversity existed among the various agroecosystems”