Abstract
In The Netherlands the only chemical alternative for methyl bromide permitted is an application of metam-sodium (MS) with the active ingredient methyl isothiocyanate (MIT). After introduction of a new application method with 'rotary spading injection' legislation restricted the application of MS in 1993 to once in four years and since 2001 once in five years. Efficacy after injection of metam sodium at 10 cm depth and rotary spading a 25 cm soil layer was much better than with shank injection at 19 cm depth with a poor efficacy in the top soil layer. Legislation for arable crops allows a dosage of 300 l Monam (510 g MS/l) per ha. For vegetables, fruits, bulbs and weeds dosages permitted are 600 to 750 l Monam per ha. For an optimal disinfestation result the combination of required dosage and injection depth and rotovation depth had to be established. In a field experiment two dosages Monam were tested for efficacy against Meloidogyne fallax with rotary spading injection at varying injection depths. 300 l Monam per ha was compared with 600 l Monam per ha, both applied at 14 cm injection depth and distributed over a 28 cm soil layer. Another treatment was the application of 600 l Monam per ha, injected at 20 cm depth and rotovated through 40 cm of soil. A carrot crop was sown three weeks after disinfestation and quantity and quality of carrot yield was assessed. Three weeks after application Meloidogyne fallax population was reduced in the furrow with 99% and at 30-50 cm depth with 96% by both applications of 600 l Monam. Efficacy of 300 l Monam was significantly less than 600 l. Nematode population levels after carrot crop stayed lower in the furrow after 600 l in comparison with 300 l Monam. Gross carrot yield was significantly higher after 600 l than after 300 l Monam application at 14 cm depth. Although on this heavy infested field it was not possible to grow carrots without symptoms, after 600 l Monam the percentage of carrots without root-knot symptoms (net yield) was statistically higher than after 300 l Monam.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary spading injection was more effective than shank injection in topsoil.
- Taxon
- carrot
Daucus carotae1 - Treatment
- injection of metam sodium at 10 cm depth and rotary spading a 25 cm soil layere0
- Outcome
- Efficacye0
- Direction
- much bettere0
- Comparator
- shank injection at 19 cm depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficacy after injection of metam sodium at 10 cm depth and rotary spading a 25 cm soil layer was much better than with shank injection at 19 cm depth with a poor efficacy in the top soil layer.”
e1“A carrot crop was sown three weeks after disinfestation”
Claim · model-written summary
Both 600 l Monam applications reduced M. fallax populations in furrows by 99%.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae1
- Treatment
- 600 l Moname0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne fallaxMeloidogyne fallaxe0pest
- Outcome
- Meloidogyne fallax populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 99%e0
- Setting
- furrowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne fallax population was reduced in the furrow with 99% and at 30-50 cm depth with 96% by both applications of 600 l Monam.”
e1“A carrot crop was sown three weeks after disinfestation”
Claim · model-written summary
Both 600 l Monam applications reduced M. fallax populations at 30-50 cm by 96%.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae1
- Treatment
- 600 l Moname0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne fallaxMeloidogyne fallaxe0pest
- Outcome
- Meloidogyne fallax populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 96%e0
- Setting
- 30-50 cm depthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne fallax population was reduced in the furrow with 99% and at 30-50 cm depth with 96% by both applications of 600 l Monam.”
e1“A carrot crop was sown three weeks after disinfestation”
Claim · model-written summary
The 300 l Monam dose was significantly less effective than 600 l.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficacy of 300 l Monam was significantly less than 600 l.”
e1“A carrot crop was sown three weeks after disinfestation”
Claim · model-written summary
After carrots, nematode populations remained lower in furrows under 600 l than 300 l Monam.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- 600 le0
- Outcome
- Nematode population levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 300 l Moname0
- Setting
- furrowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nematode population levels after carrot crop stayed lower in the furrow after 600 l in comparison with 300 l Monam.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross carrot yield was significantly higher after 600 l than 300 l Monam at 14 cm depth.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- 600 le0
- Outcome
- Gross carrot yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 14 cm depthe0
- Comparator
- 300 l Moname0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gross carrot yield was significantly higher after 600 l than after 300 l Monam application at 14 cm depth.”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of symptom free carrots was statistically higher after 600 l than 300 l Monam.
- Taxon
- carrotsDaucus carotae0
- Treatment
- 600 l Moname0
- Outcome
- percentage of carrots without root-knot symptoms (net yield)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 300 l Moname0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 600 l Monam the percentage of carrots without root-knot symptoms (net yield) was statistically higher than after 300 l Monam.”
The same questions in other papers
application · control · Daucus carota (carrot)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.