Abstract
Results from the “Potato Ecosystem Project,” a cropping systems study in northern Maine, were used to test the hypothesis that greater reliance on organic nutrient sources and less reliance on synthetic fertilizer sources can benefit weed management efforts. ‘Atlantic’ potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation within a factorial arrangement of three pest management systems, two soil management systems, and both rotation entry points. Weed control in the conventional (CONV) pest management system relied on full rates of herbicides, whereas the biointensive (BIO) system relied exclusively on cultivation. The reduced input (RI) pest management system relied on cultivation in 1991 and 1992 and on 50% of standard herbicide rates plus cultivation from 1993 to 1995. The two soil management systems, unamended (barley/red clover rotation crop; 1× synthetic fertilizer for potato) and amended (pea/oat/hairy vetch green manure rotation crop; manure, compost, and 0.5× synthetic fertilizer for potato) contrasted practices typical for the region to those designed to achieve rapid improvements in soil quality. Midseason weed biomass in potato was dominated by common lambsquarters. In 1991 and 1992, weed biomass in potato was least in the CONV system and did not differ between the RI and BIO systems. In 1993, weeds in both RI and CONV potatoes were effectively suppressed below the level measured in the BIO system. Soil management had no effect on weed biomass from 1991 to 1993 but became an important factor affecting weeds in the BIO system in 1994 and 1995. Weed biomass was 77% lower in 1994 and 72% lower in 1995 in the amended soil management system than in the unamended system. No significant yield loss due to weeds was detected in the 1994 BIO system, but in 1995 yield loss due to weeds was 37% in the unamended system compared to 12% in the amended system. Soil management effects on weeds in the 1994 BIO pest management system carried through to the following season's germinable seed bank. Density of germinable common lambsquarters seed (0 to 10 cm soil depth) in the 1995 BIO system was 4,082 m −2 in the unamended soil management system compared to 1,280 m −2 in the amended soil management system. We suggest that organic amendments and green manure promote a potato crop better able to compete with weeds and that these inputs be considered as potentially important components of integrated weed management systems that have minimal reliance on herbicides.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Common lambsquarters dominated midseason weed biomass in potato.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- weed biomass in potato was dominated by common lambsquarterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Midseason weed biomass in potato was dominated by common lambsquarters”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1991–1992, conventional management had the least weed biomass.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- CONV systeme0
- Outcome
- weed biomass in potatoe0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Qualifier
- In 1991 and 1992e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1991 and 1992, weed biomass in potato was least in the CONV system”
e1“the conventional (CONV) pest management system relied on full rates of herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1991–1992, weed biomass did not differ between RI and BIO systems.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- RIe0
- Outcome
- weed biomass in potatoe0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- BIO systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed biomass in potato was least in the CONV system and did not differ between the RI and BIO systems”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1993, RI and conventional systems suppressed weeds below BIO levels.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- RI and CONVe0
- Outcome
- weedse0
- Direction
- suppressed belowe0
- Comparator
- BIO systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1993, weeds in both RI and CONV potatoes were effectively suppressed below the level measured in the BIO system”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil management had no effect on weed biomass during 1991–1993.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Soil managemente0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- from 1991 to 1993e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil management had no effect on weed biomass from 1991 to 1993”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil management affected weeds in BIO during 1994 and 1995.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Soil managemente0
- Outcome
- weeds in the BIO systeme0
- Qualifier
- in 1994 and 1995e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil management had no effect on weed biomass from 1991 to 1993 but became an important factor affecting weeds in the BIO system in 1994 and 1995”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Amended soil management lowered weed biomass by 77% in 1994.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- amended soil management systeme0
- Outcome
- Weed biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 77%e0
- Qualifier
- in 1994e0
- Comparator
- unamended systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed biomass was 77% lower in 1994 and 72% lower in 1995 in the amended soil management system than in the unamended system”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Amended soil management lowered weed biomass by 72% in 1995.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- amended soil management systeme0
- Outcome
- Weed biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Qualifier
- in 1995e0
- Comparator
- unamended systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed biomass was 77% lower in 1994 and 72% lower in 1995 in the amended soil management system than in the unamended system”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant weed-related yield loss was detected in the 1994 BIO system.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- yield loss due to weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant yield loss due to weeds was detected in the 1994 BIO system”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-related yield loss in 1995 was 37% under unamended soil management.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- yield loss due to weedse0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Setting
- unamended systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 1995 yield loss due to weeds was 37% in the unamended system compared to 12% in the amended system”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-related yield loss in 1995 was 12% under amended soil management.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- yield loss due to weedse0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Setting
- amended systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 1995 yield loss due to weeds was 37% in the unamended system compared to 12% in the amended system”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil management effects in the 1994 BIO system carried into the following season’s germinable seed bank.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Soil managemente0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- following season's germinable seed banke0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil management effects on weeds in the 1994 BIO pest management system carried through to the following season's germinable seed bank”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinable common lambsquarters seed density in 1995 BIO was 4,082 m −2 under unamended management.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- Density of germinable common lambsquarters seede0
- Value
- 4,082 m −2e0
- Setting
- unamended soil management systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Density of germinable common lambsquarters seed (0 to 10 cm soil depth) in the 1995 BIO system was 4,082 m −2 in the unamended soil management system compared to 1,280 m −2 in the amended soil management system”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinable common lambsquarters seed density in 1995 BIO was 1,280 m −2 under amended management.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- Density of germinable common lambsquarters seede0
- Value
- 1,280 m −2e0
- Setting
- amended soil management systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Density of germinable common lambsquarters seed (0 to 10 cm soil depth) in the 1995 BIO system was 4,082 m −2 in the unamended soil management system compared to 1,280 m −2 in the amended soil management system”
e1“potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest organic amendments and green manure promote a potato crop better able to compete with weeds.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- organic amendments and green manuree0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- potato crop better able to compete with weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic amendments and green manure promote a potato crop better able to compete with weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend organic amendments and green manure as components of integrated weed management with minimal herbicide reliance.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- organic amendments and green manuree1
- Outcome
- potentially important components of integrated weed management systems that have minimal reliance on herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these inputs be considered as potentially important components of integrated weed management systems that have minimal reliance on herbicides”
e1“organic amendments and green manure promote a potato crop better able to compete with weeds”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · weed · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.