Abstract
In the Bushbuckridge region of South Africa host preference and density of two woodrose-forming mistletoes, Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) V. Tieghem and Pedistylis galpinii (Schinz ex Sprague) was quantified in relation to land-use (harvested or unharvested), rainfall (high > 660 or low < 660 mm year-1) and catenal posi tion (top or lower slope). These two mistletoes are generalist hemi-parasites of savanna trees and shrubs occur ring on 25 and 17 hosts respectively, seven of which are shared. Thirty-six percent of woody plant species recorded were found to be hosts. Although Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) H?chst, comprised only 4% of woody plant density in the environment, it was the principal host for both mistletoes, accounting for 71% of total E. dregei and 42% of P. galpinii infection. Mistletoe infection relative to density of Ficus stuhlmanii, Trichilia em?tica and Cassine transvaalensis indicated that these were preferential hosts to S. birrea. Mistletoe host pref erence was negatively correlated with host wood density. Mistletoe number per tree had a weak relationship to canopy size. Mistletoes of all size classes were denser at high rainfall relative to low rainfall sites. Interestingly, the overall mistletoe size class distribution was similar between harvested and unharvested sites. The ratio of living to dead mistletoe was 2 to 1 for E. dregei and 1.5 to 1 for P. galpinii. There are sufficient dead mistletoes in unharvested and harvested areas to satisfy present market demand. Living E. dregei predominated in harvested rather than unharvested areas suggesting that current-harvesting levels had little or no negative effect on the population. In contrast, P. galpinii was denser in unharvested areas possibly owing to its higher market value and thus higher harvesting levels.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Erianthemum dregei occurred on 25 host species.
- Taxon
- Erianthemum dregei
Erianthemum dregeie1 - Interactor
- savanna trees and shrubse0host
- Outcome
- hostse0
- Value
- 25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These two mistletoes are generalist hemi-parasites of savanna trees and shrubs occur ring on 25 and 17 hosts respectively, seven of which are shared.”
e1“Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) V. Tieghem and Pedistylis galpinii (Schinz ex Sprague)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pedistylis galpinii occurred on 17 host species.
- Taxon
- Pedistylis galpiniiPedistylis galpiniie1
- Interactor
- savanna trees and shrubse0host
- Outcome
- hostse0
- Value
- 17e0
Verbatim
e0“These two mistletoes are generalist hemi-parasites of savanna trees and shrubs occur ring on 25 and 17 hosts respectively, seven of which are shared.”
e1“Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) V. Tieghem and Pedistylis galpinii (Schinz ex Sprague)”
Claim · model-written summary
The two mistletoes shared seven host species.
Verbatim
e0“These two mistletoes are generalist hemi-parasites of savanna trees and shrubs occur ring on 25 and 17 hosts respectively, seven of which are shared.”
t0“woodrose-forming mistletoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-six percent of recorded woody species hosted mistletoes.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty-six percent of woody plant species recorded were found to be hosts.”
t0“woodrose-forming mistletoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Sclerocarya birrea comprised 4% of local woody plant density.
- Taxon
- Sclerocarya birrea
Sclerocarya birreae0 - Outcome
- woody plant densitye0
- Value
- 4%e0
- Setting
- environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) H?chst, comprised only 4% of woody plant density in the environment, it was the principal host for both mistletoes, accounting for 71% of total E. dregei and 42% of P. galpinii infection.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sclerocarya birrea hosted 71% of E. dregei infections.
- Taxon
- Sclerocarya birreaSclerocarya birreae0
- Interactor
- E. dregeiErianthemum dregeie0parasite
- Outcome
- total E. dregeie0
- Value
- 71%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) H?chst, comprised only 4% of woody plant density in the environment, it was the principal host for both mistletoes, accounting for 71% of total E. dregei and 42% of P. galpinii infection.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sclerocarya birrea hosted 42% of P. galpinii infections.
- Taxon
- Sclerocarya birreaSclerocarya birreae0
- Interactor
- P. galpiniiPedistylis galpiniie0parasite
- Outcome
- P. galpinii infectione0
- Value
- 42%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) H?chst, comprised only 4% of woody plant density in the environment, it was the principal host for both mistletoes, accounting for 71% of total E. dregei and 42% of P. galpinii infection.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ficus stuhlmanii was a preferential mistletoe host relative to S. birrea after accounting for tree density.
- Taxon
- Ficus stuhlmaniie0
- Interactor
- Mistletoee0parasite
- Outcome
- preferential hostse0
- Comparator
- S. birreae0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mistletoe infection relative to density of Ficus stuhlmanii, Trichilia em?tica and Cassine transvaalensis indicated that these were preferential hosts to S. birrea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichilia em?tica was a preferential mistletoe host relative to S. birrea after accounting for density.
- Taxon
- Trichilia em?ticae0
- Interactor
- Mistletoee0parasite
- Outcome
- preferential hostse0
- Comparator
- S. birreae0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mistletoe infection relative to density of Ficus stuhlmanii, Trichilia em?tica and Cassine transvaalensis indicated that these were preferential hosts to S. birrea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassine transvaalensis was a preferential mistletoe host relative to S. birrea after accounting for density.
- Taxon
- Cassine transvaalensise0
- Interactor
- Mistletoee0parasite
- Outcome
- preferential hostse0
- Comparator
- S. birreae0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mistletoe infection relative to density of Ficus stuhlmanii, Trichilia em?tica and Cassine transvaalensis indicated that these were preferential hosts to S. birrea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mistletoe host preference was negatively correlated with host wood density.
Verbatim
e0“Mistletoe host pref erence was negatively correlated with host wood density.”
t0“woodrose-forming mistletoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mistletoe number per tree had a weak relationship with canopy size.
- Taxon
- mistletoest0
- Organ / stage
- canopye0
- Outcome
- Mistletoe number per treee0
- Qualifier
- weak relationshipe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mistletoe number per tree had a weak relationship to canopy size.”
t0“woodrose-forming mistletoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mistletoes of all sizes were denser at high-rainfall sites than at low-rainfall sites.
Verbatim
e0“Mistletoes of all size classes were denser at high rainfall relative to low rainfall sites.”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall mistletoe size-class distribution was similar at harvested and unharvested sites.
Verbatim
e0“the overall mistletoe size class distribution was similar between harvested and unharvested sites.”
Claim · model-written summary
The living-to-dead ratio for E. dregei was 2 to 1.
- Taxon
- E. dregeiErianthemum dregeie0
- Outcome
- ratio of living to dead mistletoee0
- Value
- 2 to 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratio of living to dead mistletoe was 2 to 1 for E. dregei and 1.5 to 1 for P. galpinii.”
Claim · model-written summary
The living-to-dead ratio for P. galpinii was 1.5 to 1.
- Taxon
- P. galpiniiPedistylis galpiniie0
- Outcome
- ratio of living to dead mistletoee0
- Value
- 1.5 to 1e0
Verbatim
e0“The ratio of living to dead mistletoe was 2 to 1 for E. dregei and 1.5 to 1 for P. galpinii.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dead mistletoes in both harvested and unharvested areas suffice for current market demand.
Verbatim
e0“There are sufficient dead mistletoes in unharvested and harvested areas to satisfy present market demand.”
Claim · model-written summary
Living E. dregei was more abundant in harvested areas than unharvested areas.
- Taxon
- E. dregeiErianthemum dregeie0
- Outcome
- Living E. dregeie0
- Direction
- predominatede0
- Comparator
- unharvested arease0
- Setting
- harvestede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Living E. dregei predominated in harvested rather than unharvested areas suggesting that current-harvesting levels had little or no negative effect on the population.”
Claim · model-written summary
Current harvesting was interpreted as having little or no negative effect on E. dregei population.
- Taxon
- E. dregeiErianthemum dregeie0
- Treatment
- current-harvesting levelse0
- Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- little or no negative effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Living E. dregei predominated in harvested rather than unharvested areas suggesting that current-harvesting levels had little or no negative effect on the population.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. galpinii was denser in unharvested areas, possibly reflecting greater harvesting from its higher market value.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, P. galpinii was denser in unharvested areas possibly owing to its higher market value and thus higher harvesting levels.”