Abstract
O. nubilalis and H. armigera regularly occur and cause significant damages in corn crops in Serbia, particularly under global warming conditions. Several measures are applied against these pests (crop rotation, tolerant and resistant hybrids, monitoring, forecast, chemical measures). Larvae damage stem, panicle and ear, which favour development of saprophytes and secondary infections by mycotoxin producing, pathogenic fungi. The aim of the paper was to test the efficacy of the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb in sweet corn protection against the mentioned pests. The trials were conducted in 2014 at two localities (Becej B. and PoIjanice P.) on sweet corn, hybrid Enterprise according to standard OEPP methods (PP1/13; 1/152; 1/135). Products on the basis of azadirachtin (10 g a.i./I of product) at a rate of 0.4 and 0.5% and indoxacarb (150 g a.i./I of product) at a rate of 0.25 I/ha, were applied. Treatments were conducted on the 5th of August with tractor sprayers (high clearance). The plot size was 5000 m². Three assessments were made. The first one prior to treatment, on 25 randomly selected plants per replicate, and the number of O. nubilalis and H. armigera egg masses and larvae on silk was registered. In the second assessment (18th of August), on 20 randomly selected plants per replicate, the number of damaged plants and the number of vital larvae was registered. In the third assessment, immediately before harvest (28th of August, i.e. 12th of September) on 20 randomly selected plants per replicate, the number of plants broken below ear (fallen on the ground), damaged ears and vital larvae, was determined. Results are presented as means, efficacy (E%) according to Abbott and significance of differences by LSD test (5%). At B locality egg masses of O. nubilalis were registered on ear silk on 13-19% of plants and larvae on 3-7%, and larvae of H. armigera on 2-4%. At P locality egg masses of O. nubilalis were present on 34-40.8% of plants. After 13 days from treatment, at B locality the percentage of damaged plants was 3.8-7.5% and at a significantly lower level compared to control where 40.0% of damaged plants was recorded. Vital larvae of O. nubilalis were present on 1.3-31% of plants, depending on the insecticide and application rate, and in the control on 41.3%. At P locality the percentage of damaged plants per treatment ranged from 20 to 46.3% depending on insecticide and application rate, and in the control 63.8%, and the presence of vital larvae of O. nubilalis on 16.3-21.3% of plants, and in the control on 53.5%. Immediately before harvest, at B locality azadirachtin efficacy, depending on application rate and counted parameters, was 88.5-92.5%; 66.7-72.9% and 69.1-75.2%. Efficacy of indoxacarb in general was 75-100%. At P locality, efficacy of azadirachtin depending on application rate and counted parameters, was 77.8-88.9%; 66.5-83.3% and 44.1-74.6%, while efficacy of this insecticide in general amounted 91.5-100%.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At locality B, O. nubilalis egg masses were found on ear silk of 13-19% of sweet corn plants.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“At B locality egg masses of O. nubilalis were registered on ear silk on 13-19% of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At locality B, O. nubilalis larvae were found on 3-7% of sweet corn plants.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“At B locality egg masses of O. nubilalis were registered on ear silk on 13-19% of plants and larvae on 3-7%”
Claim · model-written summary
At locality B, H. armigera larvae were found on 2-4% of sweet corn plants.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“larvae of H. armigera on 2-4%”
Claim · model-written summary
At locality P, O. nubilalis egg masses were present on 34-40.8% of sweet corn plants.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“At P locality egg masses of O. nubilalis were present on 34-40.8% of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen days after treatment at locality B, insecticide-treated sweet corn had significantly fewer damaged plants (3.8-7.5%) than the control (40.0%).
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“After 13 days from treatment, at B locality the percentage of damaged plants was 3.8-7.5% and at a significantly lower level compared to control where 40.0% of damaged plants was recorded”
e1“the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb”
Claim · model-written summary
At locality B, vital O. nubilalis larvae were present on 1.3-31% of treated plants depending on insecticide and rate, versus 41.3% in the control.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“Vital larvae of O. nubilalis were present on 1.3-31% of plants, depending on the insecticide and application rate, and in the control on 41.3%”
e1“the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb”
Claim · model-written summary
At locality P, the percentage of damaged plants per treatment ranged from 20 to 46.3% depending on insecticide and rate, versus 63.8% in the control.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“At P locality the percentage of damaged plants per treatment ranged from 20 to 46.3% depending on insecticide and application rate, and in the control 63.8%”
e1“the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb”
Claim · model-written summary
At locality P, vital O. nubilalis larvae were present on 16.3-21.3% of treated plants versus 53.5% in the control.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“the presence of vital larvae of O. nubilalis on 16.3-21.3% of plants, and in the control on 53.5%”
e1“the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb”
Claim · model-written summary
Just before harvest at locality B, azadirachtin efficacy was 88.5-92.5%, 66.7-72.9% and 69.1-75.2% for the three counted parameters, depending on application rate.
- Taxon
- SWEET CORNt0
- Treatment
- azadirachtine1
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Value
- 88.5-92.5%; 66.7-72.9% and 69.1-75.2%e0
- Setting
- B localitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“at B locality azadirachtin efficacy, depending on application rate and counted parameters, was 88.5-92.5%; 66.7-72.9% and 69.1-75.2%”
e1“the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficacy of indoxacarb at locality B was generally 75-100%.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“Efficacy of indoxacarb in general was 75-100%”
e1“the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb”
Claim · model-written summary
At locality P, azadirachtin efficacy was 77.8-88.9%, 66.5-83.3% and 44.1-74.6% for the three counted parameters, depending on application rate.
- Taxon
- SWEET CORNt0
- Treatment
- azadirachtine1
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Value
- 77.8-88.9%; 66.5-83.3% and 44.1-74.6%e0
- Setting
- P localitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“At P locality, efficacy of azadirachtin depending on application rate and counted parameters, was 77.8-88.9%; 66.5-83.3% and 44.1-74.6%”
e1“the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb”
Claim · model-written summary
At locality P, efficacy of indoxacarb was generally 91.5-100%.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“SWEET CORN”
e0“while efficacy of this insecticide in general amounted 91.5-100%”
e1“the insecticides azadirachtin and indoxacarb”
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See all 62 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.