Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina from 1994 through 1998 to evaluate the effects of five weed management strategies and four corn ( Zea mays)–peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) rotation sequences on purple nutsedge ( Cyperus rotundus ) population development. Effects of these weed management programs on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) and peanut production in following years were also investigated. Herbicide programs included a nontreated control, a carbamothioate preplant incorporated (PPI) combination treatment utilizing vernolate in peanut and butylate in corn, an early postemergence (EPOST) acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor combination treatment utilizing imazapic in peanut and halosulfuron in corn, and EPOST treatments of imazapic and imazethapyr in both peanut and imidazolinone-resistant corn. Crop rotation sequences for the 3 yr included continuous corn (CCC), corn–peanut–corn (CPC), peanut–corn–peanut (PCP), and continuous peanut (PPP). The imazapic and ALS inhibitor combination treatments both provided excellent shoot and tuber control. After 3 yr, imazapic and the ALS inhibitor combination treatment reduced shoot and tuber population densities to less than 10% of the nontreated control. Imazethapyr provided variable but better control than the carbamothioate treatment with tuber densities (measured from 0 to 15 cm soil depth) and shoot densities increasing from 733 to 2,901 tubers/m 3 of soil and 16 to 43 shoots/m 2 , respectively, after 3 yr. Tuber densities increased in the nontreated control from 626 to 9,145 tubers/m 3 of soil and from 962 to 5,466 tubers/m 3 of soil in the carbamothioate treatment during this same period. Also, shoot densities increased in the nontreated control from 22 to 159 shoots/m 2 and from 8 to 92 shoots/m 2 in the carbamothioate treatment. There was a 31% peanut yield reduction from 1994 to 1996 when peanut was continuously planted or rotated to corn for only 1 yr. Herbicide carryover effects were not observed in cotton during 1997.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Imazapic provided excellent control of purple nutsedge shoots and tubers.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The imazapic and ALS inhibitor combination treatments both provided excellent shoot and tuber control.”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
The ALS inhibitor combination provided excellent control of purple nutsedge shoots and tubers.
- Taxon
- Purple Nutsedget0
- Treatment
- ALS inhibitor combination treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot and tuber controle0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The imazapic and ALS inhibitor combination treatments both provided excellent shoot and tuber control.”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
After three years, imazapic reduced purple nutsedge shoot and tuber densities below 10% of the untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 yr, imazapic and the ALS inhibitor combination treatment reduced shoot and tuber population densities to less than 10% of the nontreated control.”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
After three years, the ALS inhibitor combination reduced purple nutsedge shoot and tuber densities below 10% of the untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 yr, imazapic and the ALS inhibitor combination treatment reduced shoot and tuber population densities to less than 10% of the nontreated control.”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr controlled purple nutsedge better than carbamothioate, although control varied.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr provided variable but better control than the carbamothioate treatment”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
With imazethapyr, purple nutsedge tuber density rose from 733 to 2,901 tubers per cubic metre after three years.
- Taxon
- Purple Nutsedget0
- Interactor
- Purple Nutsedget0weed
- Outcome
- tuber densitiese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 733 to 2,901 tubers/m 3 of soile0
- Qualifier
- after 3 yre0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“tuber densities (measured from 0 to 15 cm soil depth) and shoot densities increasing from 733 to 2,901 tubers/m 3 of soil and 16 to 43 shoots/m 2 , respectively, after 3 yr.”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
With imazethapyr, purple nutsedge shoot density rose from 16 to 43 shoots per square metre after three years.
- Taxon
- Purple Nutsedget0
- Interactor
- Purple Nutsedget0weed
- Outcome
- shoot densitiese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 16 to 43 shoots/m 2e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“tuber densities (measured from 0 to 15 cm soil depth) and shoot densities increasing from 733 to 2,901 tubers/m 3 of soil and 16 to 43 shoots/m 2 , respectively, after 3 yr.”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated purple nutsedge tuber density increased from 626 to 9,145 tubers per cubic metre.
Verbatim
e0“Tuber densities increased in the nontreated control from 626 to 9,145 tubers/m 3 of soil”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
Under carbamothioate, purple nutsedge tuber density increased from 962 to 5,466 tubers per cubic metre.
- Taxon
- Purple Nutsedget0
- Treatment
- carbamothioate treatmente0
- Interactor
- Purple Nutsedget0weed
- Outcome
- Tuber densitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 962 to 5,466 tubers/m 3 of soile0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tuber densities increased in the nontreated control from 626 to 9,145 tubers/m 3 of soil and from 962 to 5,466 tubers/m 3 of soil in the carbamothioate treatment during this same period.”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated purple nutsedge shoot density increased from 22 to 159 shoots per square metre.
Verbatim
e0“shoot densities increased in the nontreated control from 22 to 159 shoots/m 2”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
Under carbamothioate, purple nutsedge shoot density increased from 8 to 92 shoots per square metre.
- Taxon
- Purple Nutsedget0
- Treatment
- carbamothioate treatmente0
- Interactor
- Purple Nutsedget0weed
- Outcome
- shoot densitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8 to 92 shoots/m 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“shoot densities increased in the nontreated control from 22 to 159 shoots/m 2 and from 8 to 92 shoots/m 2 in the carbamothioate treatment.”
t0“Purple Nutsedge”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous peanut or only one year of corn rotation was associated with 31% lower peanut yield from 1994 to 1996.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- peanut was continuously planted or rotated to corn for only 1 yre0
- Outcome
- peanut yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a 31% peanut yield reduction from 1994 to 1996 when peanut was continuously planted or rotated to corn for only 1 yr.”
Claim · model-written summary
No herbicide carryover effects were observed in cotton in 1997.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Outcome
- Herbicide carryover effectse0
- Direction
- not observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide carryover effects were not observed in cotton during 1997.”
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