Abstract
The traditional rice growing practice has to change to save resource and protect environment, and it' s necessary to develop new technology in rice cultivation. Therefore, a two-year field experiment of Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK), we increased the rice seedling density by 33.3% and reduced the basal N rate by 20%. The results showed that the average N agronomy efficiency and partial factor productivity were improved by 49.6% (P<0.05) and 20.4% (P<0.05), respectively, while the area and yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 9.9% and 12.7% (P<0.05), respectively. Although IR cropping mode decreased panicle number and biomass production, it significantly enhanced rice seed setting rate and harvest index, resulting in an unchanged or even highei yield. NH4+-N and NO3(-)-N concentrations in rice rhizosphere soil were reduced, resulting in an increment of N recovery efficiency. Generally, proper dense planting with less basal N applicatior could be a good approach for the trade-off between rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas emission.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
IR increased nitrogen agronomy efficiency by 49.6%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- N agronomy efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 49.6%e0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average N agronomy efficiency and partial factor productivity were improved by 49.6% (P<0.05) and 20.4% (P<0.05), respectively”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR increased partial factor productivity by 20.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- partial factor productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 20.4%e0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average N agronomy efficiency and partial factor productivity were improved by 49.6% (P<0.05) and 20.4% (P<0.05), respectively”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR reduced area-scaled greenhouse gas emissions by 9.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- area and yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9.9%e0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“area and yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 9.9% and 12.7% (P<0.05), respectively”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR reduced yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions by 12.7%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12.7%e0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“area and yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 9.9% and 12.7% (P<0.05), respectively”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR decreased panicle number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- panicle numbere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR cropping mode decreased panicle number and biomass production”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR decreased biomass production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IR cropping mode decreased panicle number and biomass production”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR enhanced rice seed setting rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- rice seed setting ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly enhanced rice seed setting rate and harvest index”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR enhanced harvest index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly enhanced rice seed setting rate and harvest index”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR produced unchanged or higher yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- unchanged or even higheie0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in an unchanged or even highei yield”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR reduced rhizosphere soil ammonium concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Organ / stage
- rhizosphere soile0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- NH4+-Ne0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NH4+-N and NO3(-)-N concentrations in rice rhizosphere soil were reduced”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR reduced rhizosphere soil nitrate concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Organ / stage
- rhizosphere soile0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- NO3(-)-Ne0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NH4+-N and NO3(-)-N concentrations in rice rhizosphere soil were reduced”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR increased nitrogen recovery efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Liaoxing 1t0
- Treatment
- IRt0
- Outcome
- N recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Comparator
- traditional practice (CK)t0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in an increment of N recovery efficiency”
t0“Japonica rice (Liaoxing 1) was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen (N) and unchanged top-dressing N (IR) on rice yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend dense planting with less basal nitrogen for the yield, efficiency and emission tradeoff.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- proper dense planting with less basal N applicatiore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proper dense planting with less basal N applicatior could be a good approach for the trade-off between rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas emission”
t0“rice”