Abstract
In plants, RNA silencing regulates gene expression through the action of Dicer-like (DCL) and Argonaute (AGO) proteins via micro RNAs and RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM). In addition, RNA silencing functions as an antiviral defense mechanism by targeting virus-derived double-stranded RNA. Plants encode multiple AGO proteins with specialized functions, including AGO4-like proteins that affect RdDM and AGO2, AGO5, and AGO1, which have antiviral activities. Here, we show that AGO4 is also required for defense against the potexvirus Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV), most likely independent of RdDM components such as DCL3, Pol IV, and Pol V. Transient assays showed that AGO4 has direct antiviral activity on PlAMV and, unlike RdDM, this activity does not require nuclear localization of AGO4. Furthermore, although PlAMV infection causes a decrease in AGO4 expression, PlAMV causes a change in AGO4 localization from a largely nuclear to a largely cytoplasmic distribution. These results indicate an important role for AGO4 in targeting plant RNA viruses as well as demonstrating novel mechanisms of regulation of and by AGO4, independent of its canonical role in regulating gene expression by RdDM.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
AGO4 is required for Arabidopsis defense against Plantago asiatica mosaic virus, most likely independent of RdDM components.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Interactor
- Plantago asiatica mosaic virusPlantago asiatica mosaic viruse1pathogen
- Gene
- AGO4e1
- Outcome
- defensee1
- Qualifier
- most likely independent of RdDM componentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antiviral Defense Involves AGO4 in anArabidopsis–Potexvirus Interaction”
e1“AGO4 is also required for defense against the potexvirus Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV), most likely independent of RdDM components such as DCL3, Pol IV, and Pol V”
Claim · model-written summary
AGO4 has direct antiviral activity against Plantago asiatica mosaic virus in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- PlAMVe2pathogen
- Gene
- AGO4e2
- Outcome
- antiviral activitye2
- Qualifier
- directe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antiviral Defense Involves AGO4 in anArabidopsis–Potexvirus Interaction”
e2“Transient assays showed that AGO4 has direct antiviral activity on PlAMV and, unlike RdDM, this activity does not require nuclear localization of AGO4”
Claim · model-written summary
The antiviral activity of AGO4 does not require its nuclear localization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AGO4e2
- Outcome
- antiviral activitye2
- Qualifier
- does not require nuclear localization of AGO4e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antiviral Defense Involves AGO4 in anArabidopsis–Potexvirus Interaction”
e2“Transient assays showed that AGO4 has direct antiviral activity on PlAMV and, unlike RdDM, this activity does not require nuclear localization of AGO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus infection causes a decrease in AGO4 expression in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- PlAMV infectione3
- Interactor
- PlAMVe3pathogen
- Gene
- AGO4e3
- Outcome
- AGO4 expressione3
- Direction
- decreasee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antiviral Defense Involves AGO4 in anArabidopsis–Potexvirus Interaction”
e3“Furthermore, although PlAMV infection causes a decrease in AGO4 expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus changes AGO4 localization from largely nuclear to largely cytoplasmic.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- PlAMVe4pathogen
- Gene
- AGO4e4
- Outcome
- AGO4 localizatione4
- Qualifier
- from a largely nuclear to a largely cytoplasmic distributione4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antiviral Defense Involves AGO4 in anArabidopsis–Potexvirus Interaction”
e4“PlAMV causes a change in AGO4 localization from a largely nuclear to a largely cytoplasmic distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
AGO4 plays an important role in targeting plant RNA viruses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AGO4e5
- Outcome
- targeting plant RNA virusese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antiviral Defense Involves AGO4 in anArabidopsis–Potexvirus Interaction”
e5“These results indicate an important role for AGO4 in targeting plant RNA viruses”