Abstract
To determine the reproductive status of the native orchids of the biodiversity “hotspot”, Biological Corridor Tacaná-Boquerón, in theregion of Soconusco, southeast Mexico, which are suffering the effects of habitat degradation, unsustainable exploitation and potentially,climate change, we analysed the species richness, abundance, habitat and abiotic preferences, pollinaria transport and relation to orchidpopulations, of male Euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidea: Euglossini) in agroecosystems and forest fragments within the region. Usingvolatile baits we trapped 2,480 bees, consisting of 14 species, during a total of 256 hours, of which 284 individuals (11.5%) had pollinariaof 18 orchid species adhered to their bodies. Three species of Eufriesia (E. caerulescens, E. mexicana, E. rugosa) and one species of Euglossa(E. villosa) were recorded for the first time. We report Eulaema meriana as the pollinator of the recently rediscovered Plectrophora alata.We did not detect habitat preferences for the species of Euglossini captured, and they were frequent, or even more frequent, in intensivecoffee plantations, as are many of the orchid species, which can be classified as a disturbed habitat. Bees tended to be more abundantwith increasing light intensity and decreasing humidity at each site. There was little indication of pollinator specificity and the position ofthe pollinaria of each orchid species on the bodies of the bees was also variable. We did not recover any pollinaria from various euglossinophylic,epiphytic orchid species present in the region and three bee species showed signs of population decline. However, our resultsindicate that many species of orchids with this pollination syndrome are receiving pollination service within an increasingly fragmentedand disturbed environment, suggesting that both the orchids and the bees are adapting to the changes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Pollinaria of 18 orchid species were carried by 11.5% of the trapped bees.
- Taxon
- orchid speciese1
- Interactor
- beesAnthophilae1pollinator
- Outcome
- had pollinariae1
- Value
- 11.5%e1
Verbatim
e1“Using volatile baits we trapped 2,480 bees, consisting of 14 species, during a total of 256 hours, of which 284 individuals (11.5%) had pollinaria of 18 orchid species adhered to their bodies”
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
Claim · model-written summary
Three Eufriesia bee species were recorded for the first time in the orchid pollination system.
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
EufrieseaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e2“Three species of Eufriesia (E. caerulescens, E. mexicana, E. rugosa) and one species of Euglossa(E. villosa) were recorded for the first time”
Claim · model-written summary
Eulaema meriana was the pollinator of Plectrophora alata.
- Taxon
- Plectrophora alataPlectrophora alatae3
- Interactor
- Eulaema meriana
Eulaema merianae3pollinator - Outcome
- the pollinatore3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e3“We report Eulaema meriana as the pollinator of the recently rediscovered Plectrophora alata”
Claim · model-written summary
Euglossini bees were even more frequent in intensive coffee plantations.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e4“We did not detect habitat preferences for the species of Euglossini captured, and they were frequent, or even more frequent, in intensive coffee plantations, as are many of the orchid species, which can be classified as a disturbed habitat”
Claim · model-written summary
Many orchid species were frequent in intensive coffee plantations, a habitat classed as disturbed.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e4“We did not detect habitat preferences for the species of Euglossini captured, and they were frequent, or even more frequent, in intensive coffee plantations, as are many of the orchid species, which can be classified as a disturbed habitat”
Claim · model-written summary
No habitat preferences were detected for Euglossini bees.
- Taxon
- euglossinophylic epiphytic orchidst0
- Interactor
- EuglossiniEuglossinie4pollinator
- Outcome
- habitat preferencese4
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e4“We did not detect habitat preferences for the species of Euglossini captured, and they were frequent, or even more frequent, in intensive coffee plantations, as are many of the orchid species, which can be classified as a disturbed habitat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bees tended to be more abundant with increasing light intensity.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e5“Bees tended to be more abundant with increasing light intensity and decreasing humidity at each site”
Claim · model-written summary
Bees tended to be more abundant with decreasing humidity.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e5“Bees tended to be more abundant with increasing light intensity and decreasing humidity at each site”
Claim · model-written summary
There was little indication of pollinator specificity.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e6“There was little indication of pollinator specificity and the position of the pollinaria of each orchid species on the bodies of the bees was also variable”
Claim · model-written summary
The position of pollinaria on bee bodies was variable across orchid species.
- Taxon
- each orchid speciese6
- Interactor
- beesAnthophilae6pollinator
- Outcome
- the position of the pollinariae6
- Qualifier
- was also variablee6
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e6“There was little indication of pollinator specificity and the position of the pollinaria of each orchid species on the bodies of the bees was also variable”
Claim · model-written summary
No pollinaria were recovered from various epiphytic orchid species in the region.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e7“We did not recover any pollinaria from various euglossinophylic,epiphytic orchid species present in the region”
Claim · model-written summary
Three bee species showed signs of population decline.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e1“three bee species showed signs of population decline”
Claim · model-written summary
Many orchid species with this pollination syndrome are receiving pollination service in a fragmented and disturbed environment.
Verbatim
t0“euglossinophylic epiphytic orchids”
e2“many species of orchids with this pollination syndrome are receiving pollination service”
Claim · model-written summary
Orchids and bees are suggested to be adapting to the changes.
- Taxon
- orchidse1
- Interactor
- beesAnthophilae1pollinator
- Outcome
- adapting to the changese1
Verbatim
e1“suggesting that both the orchids and the bees are adapting to the changes”