Abstract
The induction of defense enzymes presents efficient plant disease management when triggered by metabolic products of microorganisms. The aim of the present study is to select filtered saprobes fungi used for the management of early blight of tomato by inducing pathogenesis related to tomato plant. Filtrates of the fungi Curvularia eragrostidis, Curvularia inaequalis, Memnoniella echinata and Pseudobotrytis terrestris were cultured in potato and dextrose (PD) media and maintained in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2°C, with a photoperiod of 12 h light. After 20 days, the mycelial mass was removed through filtration. Concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of filtrates and Acibenzolar-S-Methyl were applied in the 3rd tomato leaf 3 days before inoculation with Alternaria solani. Then the disease severity was analyzed calculating the area under the disease progress curve. The activity of the enzymes, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (locally and systemically) at plant control (72 h before inoculation) and 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after inoculation with A. solani was analyzed. C. eragrostidis, C. inaequalis, M. echinata and P. terrestris filtrates reduced the AUDPC, both locally and systemically. Greater activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was observed in plants treated with C. eragrostidis (local and systemic) and C. inaequalis filtrates (local). The filtrate of P. terrestris promoted greater catalase activity, either locally or systemically. The filtrate of M. echinata increased peroxidase activity locally and systemically. The filtrates tested are resistance inducers used for the management of tomato early blight, although further testing is necessary to identify elicitors present in filtrates. Key words: Alternaria solani, alternative control, proteins related to pathogenesis, Lycopersicon esculentum.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Filtrates reduced the area under the disease progress curve of early blight, locally and systemically.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- filtratese1
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanie2pathogen - Second interactor
- C. eragrostidisCurvularia eragrostidise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- AUDPCe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- both locally and systemicallye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e1“C. eragrostidis, C. inaequalis, M. echinata and P. terrestris filtrates reduced the AUDPC, both locally and systemically”
e2“were applied in the 3rd tomato leaf 3 days before inoculation with Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Filtrates of C. inaequalis reduced the area under the disease progress curve of early blight, locally and systemically.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- filtratese1
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. inaequalisCurvularia inaequalise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- AUDPCe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- both locally and systemicallye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e1“C. eragrostidis, C. inaequalis, M. echinata and P. terrestris filtrates reduced the AUDPC, both locally and systemically”
e2“were applied in the 3rd tomato leaf 3 days before inoculation with Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Filtrates of M. echinata reduced the area under the disease progress curve of early blight, locally and systemically.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- filtratese1
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- M. echinataStachybotrys echinatuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- AUDPCe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- both locally and systemicallye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e1“C. eragrostidis, C. inaequalis, M. echinata and P. terrestris filtrates reduced the AUDPC, both locally and systemically”
e2“were applied in the 3rd tomato leaf 3 days before inoculation with Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Filtrates of P. terrestris reduced the area under the disease progress curve of early blight, locally and systemically.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- filtratese1
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. terrestris
Cordana terrestrise1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- AUDPCe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- both locally and systemicallye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e1“C. eragrostidis, C. inaequalis, M. echinata and P. terrestris filtrates reduced the AUDPC, both locally and systemically”
e2“were applied in the 3rd tomato leaf 3 days before inoculation with Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants treated with C. eragrostidis had greater phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, locally and systemically.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- C. eragrostidise5
- Interactor
- C. eragrostidisCurvularia eragrostidise5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyasee5
- Direction
- Greatere5
- Qualifier
- local and systemice5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e5“Greater activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was observed in plants treated with C. eragrostidis (local and systemic)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants treated with C. inaequalis filtrates had greater phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, locally.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- C. inaequalis filtratese6
- Interactor
- C. inaequalisCurvularia inaequalise6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyasee6
- Direction
- Greatere6
- Qualifier
- locale6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e6“Greater activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was observed in plants treated with C. eragrostidis (local and systemic) and C. inaequalis filtrates (local)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. terrestris filtrate gave greater catalase activity, locally or systemically.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- filtrate of P. terrestrise7
- Interactor
- P. terrestrisCordana terrestrise7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- catalase activitye7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Qualifier
- either locally or systemicallye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e7“The filtrate of P. terrestris promoted greater catalase activity, either locally or systemically”
Claim · model-written summary
The M. echinata filtrate increased peroxidase activity, locally and systemically.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- filtrate of M. echinatae1
- Interactor
- M. echinataStachybotrys echinatuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- locally and systemicallye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e1“The filtrate of M. echinata increased peroxidase activity locally and systemically”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested filtrates are resistance inducers for managing tomato early blight, although elicitors remain to be identified.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- management of tomato early blighte1
- Qualifier
- resistance inducerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“against early blight disease in tomato”
e1“The filtrates tested are resistance inducers used for the management of tomato early blight”