Abstract
Summary Soil microbes are important in mediating allelopathic interactions between invasive and native plants in the field. However, it was not known how these interactions vary in the process of biological invasions and the effects of soil microbes; this knowledge may facilitate understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of biological invasions and managing invaded ecosystems. We conducted competition and seed germination experiments to determine the allelopathic effects of A geratina adenophora in soils from 42 sites with varying abundances of the invasive plant. Then we isolated the microbes that could degrade the allelochemicals of the invasive plant and tested their functions. In both experiments, the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant were much stronger in soils from non‐invaded sites than in soils from invaded sites. Activities of the allelochemical‐degrading microbes were higher and degradation of the allelochemicals of the invasive plant was faster in soils from invaded sites than in soils from non‐invaded sites. In living soils from 30 sites with increasing abundance of A . adenophora , the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant decreased and degradation of the allelochemicals and activity of the allelochemical‐degrading microbes gradually increased. Two bacterial strains were isolated from the soils. Inoculation of A rthrobacter sp. ZS , which was isolated from soil invaded by A . adenophora , greatly increased the degradation of the allelochemicals, thereby decreasing its allelopathic effects. Synthesis and applications . Our results indicate that soils may accumulate microbes that can degrade allelochemicals in the process of biological invasions, gradually reducing the allelopathic effects of invasive species. The effects of soil microbes should be considered when studying dynamics and mechanisms of biological invasions. Application of allelochemical‐degrading microbes may facilitate ecological restoration of invaded or newly disturbed ecosystems by alleviating allelopathic inhibition of invasive plants on native plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Allelopathic effects were stronger in non-invaded than invaded soils.
Verbatim
e0“In both experiments, the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant were much stronger in soils from non‐invaded sites than in soils from invaded sites.”
t0“A geratina adenophora”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelochemical degrading microbial activity was higher in invaded soils.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of the allelochemical‐degrading microbes were higher and degradation of the allelochemicals of the invasive plant was faster in soils from invaded sites than in soils from non‐invaded sites.”
t0“A geratina adenophora”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelochemical degradation was faster in invaded soils.
Verbatim
e0“degradation of the allelochemicals of the invasive plant was faster in soils from invaded sites than in soils from non‐invaded sites.”
t0“A geratina adenophora”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelopathic effects decreased as invasive plant abundance increased.
Verbatim
e0“In living soils from 30 sites with increasing abundance of A . adenophora , the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelochemical degradation increased with invasive plant abundance.
Verbatim
e0“In living soils from 30 sites with increasing abundance of A . adenophora , the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant decreased and degradation of the allelochemicals and activity of the allelochemical‐degrading microbes gradually increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelochemical degrading microbial activity increased with invasive plant abundance.
Verbatim
e0“In living soils from 30 sites with increasing abundance of A . adenophora , the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant decreased and degradation of the allelochemicals and activity of the allelochemical‐degrading microbes gradually increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two bacterial strains were isolated from soils.
Verbatim
e0“Two bacterial strains were isolated from the soils.”
t0“A geratina adenophora”
Claim · model-written summary
Arthrobacter inoculation increased allelochemical degradation.
- Taxon
- A . adenophorae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of A rthrobacter sp. ZSe0
- Interactor
- A rthrobacter sp. ZSe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- degradation of the allelochemicalse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of A rthrobacter sp. ZS , which was isolated from soil invaded by A . adenophora , greatly increased the degradation of the allelochemicals, thereby decreasing its allelopathic effects.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arthrobacter inoculation decreased allelopathic effects.
- Taxon
- A . adenophorae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of A rthrobacter sp. ZSe0
- Interactor
- A rthrobacter sp. ZSe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- allelopathic effectse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of A rthrobacter sp. ZS , which was isolated from soil invaded by A . adenophora , greatly increased the degradation of the allelochemicals, thereby decreasing its allelopathic effects.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest allelochemical degrading microbes for ecological restoration.
Verbatim
e0“Application of allelochemical‐degrading microbes may facilitate ecological restoration of invaded or newly disturbed ecosystems by alleviating allelopathic inhibition of invasive plants on native plants.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Ageratina adenophoraResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.