Abstract
Soltani, N., Blackshaw, R. E., Gulden, R.H., Gillard, C. L., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2013. Desiccation in dry edible beans with various herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 871–877. There is little information available on the effect of diquat, carfentrazone-ethyl, glufosinate ammonium, flumioxazin and saflufenacil applied alone or in tankmix combination with glyphosate as harvest aids in dry bean production under environmental conditions of the various production regions in Canada. A total of 11 field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2010, 2011, 2012) at Exeter, Ontario, Carman, Manitoba, and Lethbridge, Alberta, to evaluate various harvest-aid herbicides in dry bean. Comparison of leaf, pod and stem visual dry down at 4 and 8 d after desiccation application (DAA) indicated that adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively. At 8 DAA, glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ), diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds (AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL and SETVI), respectively. Diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil tankmixed with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provided 67–77, 65–71, 22–62, 45–69 and 44–74% weed dry down, respectively. Dry bean yield was not reduced with any of the desiccation treatments. Among desiccant treatments that provided consistent desiccation of dry bean and weeds, saflufenacil had the least environmental impact followed by flumioxazin, glufosinate ammonium and then diquat. Based on this study, diquat, glufosinate ammonium, flumioxazin and saflufenacil alone or in combination with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provide consistent desiccation of weeds and dry bean.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased leaf dry down 17% at 4 days.
Verbatim
e0“adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Tankmix partners increased pod dry down 10% at 4 days.
Verbatim
e0“adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Tankmix partners increased stem dry down 15% at 4 days.
Verbatim
e0“adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Tankmix partners increased leaf dry down 20% at 8 days.
Verbatim
e0“adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Tankmix partners increased pod dry down 17% at 8 days.
Verbatim
e0“adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Tankmix partners increased stem dry down 14% at 8 days.
Verbatim
e0“adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate gave 13–58% dominant-weed dry down at eight days.
- Taxon
- dry beane2
- Treatment
- glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- dominant weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry down of the dominant weedse0
- Value
- 13–58e0
- Qualifier
- At 8 DAAe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ), diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds (AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL and SETVI), respectively.”
e1“At 8 DAA”
e2“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat gave 65–80% dominant-weed dry down at eight days.
- Taxon
- dry beane1
- Treatment
- diquate0
- Interactor
- dominant weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry down of the dominant weedse0
- Value
- 65–80e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate ammonium gave 64–71% dominant-weed dry down.
- Taxon
- dry beane1
- Treatment
- glufosinate ammoniume0
- Interactor
- dominant weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry down of the dominant weedse0
- Value
- 64–71e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone-ethyl gave 12–34% dominant-weed dry down.
- Taxon
- dry beane1
- Treatment
- carfentrazone-ethyle0
- Interactor
- dominant weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry down of the dominant weedse0
- Value
- 12–34e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin gave 36–52% dominant-weed dry down.
- Taxon
- dry beane1
- Treatment
- flumioxazine0
- Interactor
- dominant weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry down of the dominant weedse0
- Value
- 36–52e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“flumioxazin and saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Saflufenacil gave 41–73% dominant-weed dry down.
- Taxon
- dry beane1
- Treatment
- saflufenacile0
- Interactor
- dominant weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry down of the dominant weedse0
- Value
- 41–73%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Diquat with glyphosate gave 67–77% weed dry down.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil tankmixed with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provided 67–77, 65–71, 22–62, 45–69 and 44–74% weed dry down, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate ammonium with glyphosate gave 65–71% weed dry down.
- Taxon
- dry beane1
- Treatment
- glufosinate ammoniume0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed dry downe0
- Value
- 65–71e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil tankmixed with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provided 67–77, 65–71, 22–62, 45–69 and 44–74% weed dry down, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone-ethyl with glyphosate gave 22–62% weed dry down.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil tankmixed with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provided 67–77, 65–71, 22–62, 45–69 and 44–74% weed dry down, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin with glyphosate gave 45–69% weed dry down.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“flumioxazin and saflufenacil tankmixed with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provided 67–77, 65–71, 22–62, 45–69 and 44–74% weed dry down, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Saflufenacil with glyphosate gave 44–74% weed dry down.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“saflufenacil tankmixed with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provided 67–77, 65–71, 22–62, 45–69 and 44–74% weed dry down, respectively.”
e1“harvest aids in dry bean production”
Claim · model-written summary
Desiccation treatments did not reduce dry bean yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Dry bean yield was not reduced with any of the desiccation treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Saflufenacil had the least environmental impact among consistent desiccants, followed by flumioxazin, glufosinate ammonium, and diquat.
Verbatim
e0“Among desiccant treatments that provided consistent desiccation of dry bean and weeds, saflufenacil had the least environmental impact followed by flumioxazin, glufosinate ammonium and then diquat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend diquat, glufosinate ammonium, flumioxazin, and saflufenacil, alone or with glyphosate, for consistent dry bean and weed desiccation.
Verbatim
e0“diquat, glufosinate ammonium, flumioxazin and saflufenacil alone or in combination with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha −1 ) provide consistent desiccation of weeds and dry bean.”
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