Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soybean (Glycine max) were relatively new crops of economic significance in Uganda before 1990s compared to traditional cash crops such as cotton, tea and coffee. By 2000 many smallholder farmers in the Mid-Northern Agro-ecological Zone of Uganda started planting sunflower and soybean as sources of household income. However, sunflower and soybean are planted in same piece of land using different planting patterns that may lead to differences in yields. This study evaluated the effect of inter-row and intra-row spacing on yields of sunflower and soybean intercrop. A 4 x 4 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was used to determine performance of sunflower and soybean under four inter-row spacings (75, 90, 105 and 120 cm) and four intra-row spacings (30, 40, 50 and 60 cm) and sole sunflower and sole soybean. Under intercrop, a ratio of 1:1 sunflower/soybean was used. Sole sunflower was planted at 90 cm x 30 cm; while sole soybean was planted at 50 cm x 25 cm. Mean yields of sunflower from intercrop were 2517 and 1219 kg ha-1, compared to 3241 and 1655 kg ha-1 from sole sunflower at Acwec Omio and Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NgeZARDI), respectively. Yield of soybean was 1100 and 2978 kg ha-1 (p<0.01), compared to 3364 and 2590 kgha-1 from sole soybean at Acwec Omio and NgeZARDI, respectively. The highest Land Equivalent Ratios (LER) were 1.29 at inter-row spacing of 90 cm between rows and 1.25 at intrarow spacing of 30 cm within rows. The lowest LER of 0.8 was from 120 cm x 60 cm spacing. An intercrop between sunflower and soybean at a spacing of 90 cm between rows and 30 cm within rows, was the most appropriate, since LER were above 1.2, an indication that land was efficiently utilized. Sunflower can be intercropped with soybean, enabling farmers to raise income by cultivating two crops in same piece of land, above all conserve the fertility of land.Keywords: Households, income, yield, LER, conserve
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower intercrop yield was 2517 kg ha-1 at Acwec Omio versus 3241 kg ha-1 in sole sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- intercrope0
- Outcome
- yields of sunflowere0
- Direction
- lowerinferredt0
- Value
- 2517e0
- Qualifier
- 3241e0
- Comparator
- sole sunflowere0
- Setting
- Acwec Omioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean yields of sunflower from intercrop were 2517 and 1219 kg ha-1, compared to 3241 and 1655 kg ha-1 from sole sunflower at Acwec Omio and Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NgeZARDI), respectively.”
t0“Effect of intercropping sunflower with soybean at different interrow and intra-row spacing on land use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower intercrop yield was 1219 kg ha-1 at NgeZARDI versus 1655 kg ha-1 in sole sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- intercrope0
- Outcome
- yields of sunflowere0
- Direction
- lowerinferredt0
- Value
- 1219 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 1655e0
- Comparator
- sole sunflowere0
- Setting
- Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NgeZARDI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean yields of sunflower from intercrop were 2517 and 1219 kg ha-1, compared to 3241 and 1655 kg ha-1 from sole sunflower at Acwec Omio and Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NgeZARDI), respectively.”
t0“Effect of intercropping sunflower with soybean at different interrow and intra-row spacing on land use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean intercrop yield was 1100 kg ha-1 at Acwec Omio versus 3364 kg ha-1 in sole soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- intercropt0
- Outcome
- Yield of soybeane0
- Direction
- lowerinferredt0
- Value
- 1100e0
- Qualifier
- 3364e0
- Comparator
- sole soybeane0
- Setting
- Acwec Omioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of soybean was 1100 and 2978 kg ha-1 (p<0.01), compared to 3364 and 2590 kgha-1 from sole soybean at Acwec Omio and NgeZARDI, respectively.”
t0“Effect of intercropping sunflower with soybean at different interrow and intra-row spacing on land use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean intercrop yield was 2978 kg ha-1 at NgeZARDI versus 2590 kgha-1 in sole soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- intercropt0
- Outcome
- Yield of soybeane0
- Direction
- higherinferredt0
- Value
- 2978 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2590 kgha-1e0
- Comparator
- sole soybeane0
- Setting
- NgeZARDIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of soybean was 1100 and 2978 kg ha-1 (p<0.01), compared to 3364 and 2590 kgha-1 from sole soybean at Acwec Omio and NgeZARDI, respectively.”
t0“Effect of intercropping sunflower with soybean at different interrow and intra-row spacing on land use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest LER for inter-row spacing was 1.29 at 90 cm.
Verbatim
e0“The highest Land Equivalent Ratios (LER) were 1.29 at inter-row spacing of 90 cm between rows”
t0“Effect of intercropping sunflower with soybean at different interrow and intra-row spacing on land use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest LER for intra-row spacing was 1.25 at 30 cm.
Verbatim
e0“The highest Land Equivalent Ratios (LER) were 1.29 at inter-row spacing of 90 cm between rows and 1.25 at intrarow spacing of 30 cm within rows.”
t0“Effect of intercropping sunflower with soybean at different interrow and intra-row spacing on land use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest LER was 0.8 at 120 cm by 60 cm spacing.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest LER of 0.8 was from 120 cm x 60 cm spacing.”
t0“Effect of intercropping sunflower with soybean at different interrow and intra-row spacing on land use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered 90 cm between rows and 30 cm within rows the most appropriate intercrop spacing, with LER above 1.2.
- Taxon
- sunflower and soybeanGlycine maxHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- spacing of 90 cm between rows and 30 cm within rowse0
- Value
- above 1.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An intercrop between sunflower and soybean at a spacing of 90 cm between rows and 30 cm within rows, was the most appropriate, since LER were above 1.2”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest sunflower-soybean intercropping can raise farmer income and conserve land fertility.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- intercropped with soybeane0
- Qualifier
- raise incomee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower can be intercropped with soybean, enabling farmers to raise income by cultivating two crops in same piece of land, above all conserve the fertility of land.”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 35 papers →intercropping · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
130 papers in the same direction as this paper · 79 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
214 papers more in this group
See all 218 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.