Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts that can increase or decrease aphid growth rates and reproduction, but the reason by which this happens is unknown. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this interaction, we examined the effect of AM fungi on the English Grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) development, reproduction, attraction, settlement and feeding behaviour on two naturally susceptible varieties Triticum aestivum (L.) variety Solstice and T. monococcum MDR037, and two naturally resistant lines, T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049. Mycorrhizal colonisation increased the attractiveness of T. aestivum var. Solstice to aphids, but there was no effect on aphid development on this variety. Using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique, we found that mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on T. monococcum MDR037 and MDR045, colonisation also increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on these varieties. Mycorrhizas increased vascular bundle size, demonstrating that these fungi can influence plant anatomy. We discuss if and how this could be related to an enhanced success rate in phloem feeding in two varieties. Overall, we present and discuss how mycorrhizal fungi can affect the feeding behaviour of S. avenae in wheat, inducing susceptibility in a resistant variety.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonisation increased the attractiveness of wheat variety Solstice to aphids.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Solsticee0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal colonisatione0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Second interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- attractivenesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal colonisation increased the attractiveness of T. aestivum var. Solstice to aphids”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonisation had no effect on aphid development on wheat variety Solstice.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Solsticee0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal colonisatione0
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- aphid developmente1
- Direction
- no effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal colonisation increased the attractiveness of T. aestivum var. Solstice to aphids”
e1“there was no effect on aphid development on this variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on Triticum monococcum line MDR037.
- Taxon
- T. monococcum
Triticum monococcume0 - Material
- MDR037e0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal colonisatione0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Second interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- aphid phloem feedinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we found that mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on T. monococcum MDR037 and MDR045, colonisation also increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on these varieties”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on Triticum monococcum line MDR045.
- Taxon
- T. monococcumTriticum monococcume0
- Material
- MDR045e0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal colonisatione0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Second interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- aphid phloem feedinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we found that mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on T. monococcum MDR037 and MDR045, colonisation also increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on these varieties”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonisation increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on Triticum monococcum line MDR037.
- Taxon
- T. monococcumTriticum monococcume0
- Material
- MDR037e0
- Treatment
- colonisatione0
- Interactor
- S. avenae
Sitobion avenaee0pest - Second interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenaee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we found that mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on T. monococcum MDR037 and MDR045, colonisation also increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on these varieties”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonisation increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on Triticum monococcum line MDR045.
- Taxon
- T. monococcumTriticum monococcume0
- Material
- MDR045e0
- Treatment
- colonisatione0
- Interactor
- S. avenaeSitobion avenaee0pest
- Second interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenaee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we found that mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on T. monococcum MDR037 and MDR045, colonisation also increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on these varieties”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizas increased vascular bundle size in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizase0
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- vascular bundle sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mycorrhiza-induced wheat susceptibility”
e0“Mycorrhizas increased vascular bundle size, demonstrating that these fungi can influence plant anatomy”
e1“Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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