Abstract
Interference between maize (Zea mays L. cv. Kneja 605) and Xanthium strumarium L. was studied in the experimental field of the Plant Protection Institute, Kostinbrod, in 2002 and 2003. Experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates. Infestation was artificially created and the weed density range was 0,5,15 and 25 plants/ m in maize rows during the crop cycle. Maize height, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area were determined at the 4-5 leaf growth stage. Influence on maize grain yield was also established. The results showed a high competitiveness of X. strumarium with maize. Xanthium strumarium density has an economically and statistically significant impact on the maize characteristics studied. The impact goes in the following direction-an increase in X. strumarium density causes a highly significant decrease in maize height, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area at the 4-5 leaf growth stage, as well as maize yield. The highest decrease in these morphological and productive properties of maize was in the variant of X. strumarium 25 plants/m. Weed density is a key factor in determining the relationship between maize and X strumarium. Statistical regression models may prove applicable in predicting a damage caused to maize grain yield through competition with X. strumarium.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthium strumarium was highly competitive with maize.
- Interactor
- X. strumarium
Xanthium strumariume0weed - Outcome
- high competitiveness of X. strumarium with maizee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high competitiveness of X. strumarium with maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater Xanthium density significantly reduced maize height, fresh weight and dry weight.
- Organ / stage
- 4-5 leaf growth stagee0
- Interactor
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0weed
- Outcome
- maize height, fresh weight, dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in X. strumarium density causes a highly significant decrease in maize height, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area at the 4-5 leaf growth stage”
e1“Xanthium strumarium L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater Xanthium density significantly reduced maize leaf area.
- Organ / stage
- 4-5 leaf growth stagee0
- Interactor
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0weed
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in X. strumarium density causes a highly significant decrease in maize height, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area at the 4-5 leaf growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater Xanthium density significantly reduced maize yield.
- Interactor
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0weed
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in X. strumarium density causes a highly significant decrease in maize height, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area at the 4-5 leaf growth stage, as well as maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest maize trait decrease occurred at 25 Xanthium plants per metre.
- Interactor
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0weed
- Outcome
- morphological and productive properties of maizee0
- Direction
- highest decreasee0
- Value
- 25 plants/me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest decrease in these morphological and productive properties of maize was in the variant of X. strumarium 25 plants/m”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest regression models could predict maize yield damage from competition.
- Interactor
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0weed
- Outcome
- predicting a damage caused to maize grain yielde0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Statistical regression models may prove applicable in predicting a damage caused to maize grain yield through competition with X. strumarium”