Abstract
Aphid species feeding on lettuce occupy distinct feeding sites: the lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri prefers to feed on heart leaves, whereas the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae feeds only on outer leaves. The aphid parasitoid Aphelinus abdominalis, known to be able to regulate M. euphorbiae on many crops, has recently been indicated as a promising biocontrol candidate also for use against N. ribisnigri, a major pest of lettuce. This study therefore examined A. abdominalis parasitization preference between N. ribisnigri and M. euphorbiae and its ability to parasitize aphids feeding on different parts of lettuce plants. In addition, life history traits of A. abdominalis on these aphid species were investigated. In no-choice laboratory experiments on leaf discs and 24 h exposure, A. abdominalis successfully parasitized 54% and 60% of the offered N. ribisnigri and M. euphorbiae, respectively, with no significant difference. In the corresponding choice experiment, however, A. abdominalis had a tendency for a significantly higher preference for M. euphorbiae (38%) compared to N. ribisnigri (30%). Growth chamber experiments on whole plants demonstrated that A. abdominalis was able to parasitize aphids, regardless of their feeding locations on lettuce plants. However, aphid feeding behavior had a significant effect on the parasitization rate. A. abdominalis parasitized significantly higher percentages of M. euphorbiae or N. ribisnigri when aphids were exposed separately to parasitoids on whole lettuce plants as compared with N. ribisnigri exposed only on heart leaf. A significant preference of A. abdominalis for M. euphorbiae compared to N. ribisnigri was also observed in the growth chamber choice experiment. A high percentage of adult emergence (> 84%) and female-biased sex ratio (> 83%) were found irrespective of the aphid species.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
In no-choice leaf-disc tests, parasitization of N. ribisnigri reached 54%.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Interactor
- N. ribisnigri
Nasonovia ribisnigrie0pest - Second interactor
- A. abdominalisAphelinus abdominalise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitizede0
- Value
- 54%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. abdominalis successfully parasitized 54% and 60% of the offered N. ribisnigri and M. euphorbiae, respectively, with no significant difference.”
t0“lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri”
Claim · model-written summary
In no-choice leaf-disc tests, parasitization of M. euphorbiae reached 60%, with no significant species difference.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- M. euphorbiae
Macrosiphum euphorbiaee0pest - Second interactor
- A. abdominalisAphelinus abdominalise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitizede0
- Value
- 60%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. abdominalis successfully parasitized 54% and 60% of the offered N. ribisnigri and M. euphorbiae, respectively, with no significant difference.”
t0“lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri”
Claim · model-written summary
In a choice test, A. abdominalis preferred M. euphorbiae at 38% over N. ribisnigri at 30%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- M. euphorbiaeMacrosiphum euphorbiaee0pest
- Second interactor
- A. abdominalisAphelinus abdominalise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- preference for M. euphorbiaee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Qualifier
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- N. ribisnigrie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. abdominalis had a tendency for a significantly higher preference for M. euphorbiae (38%) compared to N. ribisnigri (30%).”
t0“lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri”
Claim · model-written summary
A. abdominalis parasitized aphids at all tested feeding sites on lettuce plants.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativae0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Second interactor
- A. abdominalisAphelinus abdominalise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitize aphidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. abdominalis was able to parasitize aphids, regardless of their feeding locations on lettuce plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid feeding behavior significantly affected parasitization rate.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- parasitization ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aphid feeding behavior had a significant effect on the parasitization rate.”
t0“lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitization was higher for separately exposed M. euphorbiae than for N. ribisnigri on heart leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativae0
- Interactor
- M. euphorbiaeMacrosiphum euphorbiaee0pest
- Second interactor
- A. abdominalisAphelinus abdominalise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentages of M. euphorbiaee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- N. ribisnigri exposed only on heart leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. abdominalis parasitized significantly higher percentages of M. euphorbiae or N. ribisnigri when aphids were exposed separately to parasitoids on whole lettuce plants as compared with N. ribisnigri exposed only on heart leaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitization was higher for separately exposed N. ribisnigri than for N. ribisnigri on heart leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativae0
- Interactor
- N. ribisnigriNasonovia ribisnigrie0pest
- Second interactor
- A. abdominalisAphelinus abdominalise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentages of M. euphorbiae or N. ribisnigrie0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- N. ribisnigri exposed only on heart leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. abdominalis parasitized significantly higher percentages of M. euphorbiae or N. ribisnigri when aphids were exposed separately to parasitoids on whole lettuce plants as compared with N. ribisnigri exposed only on heart leaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
The growth-chamber choice test also showed preference for M. euphorbiae.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- M. euphorbiaeMacrosiphum euphorbiaee0pest
- Second interactor
- A. abdominalisAphelinus abdominalise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- preference of A. abdominalis for M. euphorbiaee0
- Comparator
- N. ribisnigrie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant preference of A. abdominalis for M. euphorbiae compared to N. ribisnigri was also observed in the growth chamber choice experiment.”
t0“lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult emergence of A. abdominalis exceeded 84% regardless of aphid species.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- adult emergencee0
- Value
- > 84%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high percentage of adult emergence (> 84%) and female-biased sex ratio (> 83%) were found irrespective of the aphid species.”
t0“lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri”
Claim · model-written summary
The A. abdominalis sex ratio was over 83% female regardless of aphid species.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- female-biased sex ratioe0
- Value
- > 83%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high percentage of adult emergence (> 84%) and female-biased sex ratio (> 83%) were found irrespective of the aphid species.”
t0“lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri”