Abstract
The Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov, 1913) (RWA) is a serious pest of grain crops and is of considerable concern in South Africa, particularly in terms of barley grown specifically for the brewing industry. This paper highlights the effect of a small (50 ppm) increase in [CO2] on the growth rate of the four South African RWA biotypes on the SABBIErica barley cultivar. Controlled environment experiments revealed that the colony growth rate for RWASA4 was significantly lower than SA1 under ambient conditions as well as significantly lower than SA1, SA2 or SA3 under elevated CO2 conditions. The unexpected difference suggested an atypical, non-preferential feeding habit on SABBIErica, for RWASA4. The small RWASA4 colonies inflicted similar morphological damage to the significantly larger RWASA1 – RWASA3 biotype populations — indicative of potential hypervirulence under elevated CO2. The continuous feeding of RWASA biotypes causes damage to the transport system as well as substantial, catastrophic damage to mesophyll chloroplasts as well as mitochondria within the host plant's leaves. The TEM study revealed evidence of sequential/systematic degeneration of chloroplasts and mitochondria with continued aphid feeding, which we suggest is an indication of potential emergent hypervirulence under elevated CO2 conditions.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
RWASA4 colony growth was significantly lower than SA1 under ambient conditions.
Verbatim
e0“colony growth rate for RWASA4 was significantly lower than SA1 under ambient conditions”
t0“SABBIErica”
Claim · model-written summary
RWASA4 colony growth was significantly lower than SA1, SA2 and SA3 under elevated CO2.
Verbatim
e0“colony growth rate for RWASA4 was significantly lower than SA1 under ambient conditions as well as significantly lower than SA1, SA2 or SA3 under elevated CO2 conditions”
t0“SABBIErica”
Claim · model-written summary
Small RWASA4 colonies caused similar morphological damage to larger RWASA1–RWASA3 populations.
Verbatim
e0“The small RWASA4 colonies inflicted similar morphological damage to the significantly larger RWASA1 – RWASA3 biotype populations”
t0“SABBIErica”
Claim · model-written summary
Continued aphid feeding caused damage to leaf transport systems, chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Verbatim
e0“The continuous feeding of RWASA biotypes causes damage to the transport system as well as substantial, catastrophic damage to mesophyll chloroplasts as well as mitochondria within the host plant's leaves.”
t0“SABBIErica”
Claim · model-written summary
TEM showed sequential degeneration of chloroplasts and mitochondria with continued aphid feeding.
Verbatim
e0“The TEM study revealed evidence of sequential/systematic degeneration of chloroplasts and mitochondria with continued aphid feeding”
t0“SABBIErica”