Abstract
The insect species composition and their abundance were investigated on the leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica, Fagaceae) and hazel trees (Corylus avelana, Betulaceae) in the mixed forest located in Menoikio Mountain of Serres. For that purpose from April to June 2011 leaves were collected from the two forest species at weekly intervals and the insects found were reared in the laboratory under outdoor conditions and checked every day till their pupation and adult emergence. A total of 27 insect species was recorded. These insects belonged to seven orders. Fifteen Coleoptera species, 4 Hemiptera species, 3 of Lepidoptera species, 2 of Hymenoptera species and 1 species to the orders Diptera, Neuroptera, and Ephemeroptera were found. The results disclose that the number of insect species found on leaves of hazel trees was fewer than the insect species on beech trees. On hazel trees the population of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) was much higher than in beech trees. The species of Coleoptera collected from hazel trees were Phyllobius pyri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhynchaenus populi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Agiotes acuminatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae). In beech trees the insect species found more frequently were Rhynchaenus fagi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phyllobius pyri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Anobium punctatum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). The largest population of insects was observed at the end of spring, because the life cycle of the foliage insects were synchronized with leaf- flushing of the foliage.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-seven insect species belonging to seven orders were recorded on the two forest tree species.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 27 insect species was recorded. These insects belonged to seven orders.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifteen Coleoptera species were recorded.
- Taxon
- ColeopteraColeopterae0
- Outcome
- Coleoptera speciese0
- Value
- Fifteene0
Verbatim
e0“Fifteen Coleoptera species, 4 Hemiptera species, 3 of Lepidoptera species, 2 of Hymenoptera species and 1 species to the orders Diptera, Neuroptera, and Ephemeroptera were found.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four Hemiptera species were recorded.
Verbatim
e0“4 Hemiptera species”
Claim · model-written summary
Three Lepidoptera species were recorded.
- Taxon
- LepidopteraLepidopterae0
- Outcome
- Lepidoptera speciese0
- Value
- 3e0
Verbatim
e0“3 of Lepidoptera species”
Claim · model-written summary
Two Hymenoptera species were recorded.
- Taxon
- HymenopteraHymenopterae0
- Outcome
- Hymenoptera speciese0
- Value
- 2e0
Verbatim
e0“2 of Hymenoptera species”
Claim · model-written summary
One Diptera species was recorded.
Verbatim
e0“1 species to the orders Diptera, Neuroptera, and Ephemeroptera were found.”
Claim · model-written summary
One Neuroptera species was recorded.
- Taxon
- NeuropteraNeuropterae0
- Outcome
- speciese0
- Value
- 1e0
Verbatim
e0“1 species to the orders Diptera, Neuroptera, and Ephemeroptera were found.”
Claim · model-written summary
One Ephemeroptera species was recorded.
- Taxon
- EphemeropteraEphemeropterae0
- Outcome
- speciese0
- Value
- 1e0
Verbatim
e0“1 species to the orders Diptera, Neuroptera, and Ephemeroptera were found.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hazel leaves had fewer insect species than beech leaves.
Verbatim
e0“the number of insect species found on leaves of hazel trees was fewer than the insect species on beech trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lymantria dispar populations were much higher on hazel than beech.
- Taxon
- Lymantria dispar
_Female_Dos.jpg?width=60)
Lymantria dispare0 - Interactor
- hazel treese0host
- Outcome
- population of Lymantria dispare0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- beech treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Female_Dos.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“On hazel trees the population of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) was much higher than in beech trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllobius pyri was collected from hazel trees.
- Taxon
- Phyllobius pyri
Phyllobius pyrie0 - Interactor
- hazel treese0host
- Outcome
- collected from hazel treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The species of Coleoptera collected from hazel trees were Phyllobius pyri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhynchaenus populi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Agiotes acuminatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae).”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhynchaenus populi was collected from hazel trees.
Verbatim
e0“The species of Coleoptera collected from hazel trees were Phyllobius pyri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhynchaenus populi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Agiotes acuminatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae).”
Claim · model-written summary
Agiotes acuminatus was collected from hazel trees.
Verbatim
e0“The species of Coleoptera collected from hazel trees were Phyllobius pyri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhynchaenus populi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Agiotes acuminatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae).”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhynchaenus fagi was among the insects found more frequently on beech.
- Taxon
- Rhynchaenus fagi
right.jpg?width=60)
Rhynchaenus fagie0 - Outcome
- insect speciese0
- Direction
- more frequentlye0
_in_Humlamaden_1516.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
FagusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
right.jpg?width=500)
_in_Humlamaden_1516.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In beech trees the insect species found more frequently were Rhynchaenus fagi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phyllobius pyri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Anobium punctatum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae).”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllobius pyri was among the insects found more frequently on beech.
- Taxon
- Phyllobius pyriPhyllobius pyrie0
- Outcome
- insect speciese0
- Direction
- more frequentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In beech trees the insect species found more frequently were Rhynchaenus fagi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phyllobius pyri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Anobium punctatum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae).”
Claim · model-written summary
Anobium punctatum was among the insects found more frequently on beech.
- Taxon
- Anobium punctatum
Anobium punctatume0 - Outcome
- insect speciese0
- Direction
- more frequentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In beech trees the insect species found more frequently were Rhynchaenus fagi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phyllobius pyri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Anobium punctatum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae).”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect populations peaked at the end of spring.
Verbatim
e0“The largest population of insects was observed at the end of spring”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the spring peak to insect life cycles synchronized with leaf flushing.
Verbatim
e0“The largest population of insects was observed at the end of spring, because the life cycle of the foliage insects were synchronized with leaf- flushing of the foliage.”