Abstract
Abstract This study determined the effects of key insecticides on Trichogramma chilonis parasitism in field trials. It showed that the number of large cabbage moth (LCM) eggs in Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced after application of Attack TM (p: 0.001) and EntrustTM (p: 0.00) but not after spraying with OrtheneTM (p: 0.09) and DipelTM (p: 0.485). Negative effects of insecticides were observed on the parasitism rate of T. chilonis and LCM egg masses, which were more likely to be only partially parasitised after an insecticide application. Attack TM and EntrustTM adversely affected T. chilonis parasitism rates of LCM eggs. However, the effect of OrtheneTM and DipelTMdid not significantly differ from each other and could be safer to the parasitoid since both reduced T. chilonis parasitism the least. The distribution of LCM eggs in the cabbage leaves was also affected by the insecticides; before insecticide application the majority of egg masses were concentrated in the upper surface of the foliage but after insecticide sprays most of the egg masses were found in the lower surface of the foliage. This study suggests that OrtheneTM and DipelTMhave no effect on the parasitism but DipelTM was found safer to the parasitoid and it could be considered for inclusion in IPM programmes that depend on T. chilonis parasitism of LCM.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Attack significantly reduced large cabbage moth eggs in Chinese cabbage.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0 - Treatment
- Attack TMe0
- Interactor
- large cabbage mothe0pest
- Outcome
- large cabbage moth (LCM) eggse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of large cabbage moth (LCM) eggs in Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced after application of Attack TM (p: 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Entrust significantly reduced large cabbage moth eggs.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- EntrustTMe0
- Interactor
- large cabbage mothe0pest
- Outcome
- large cabbage moth (LCM) eggse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of large cabbage moth (LCM) eggs in Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced after application of Attack TM (p: 0.001) and EntrustTM (p: 0.00)”
Claim · model-written summary
Orthene did not significantly reduce large cabbage moth eggs.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- OrtheneTMe0
- Interactor
- large cabbage mothe1pest
- Outcome
- large cabbage moth (LCM) eggse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not after spraying with OrtheneTM (p: 0.09)”
e1“large cabbage moth (LCM) eggs in Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipel did not significantly reduce large cabbage moth eggs.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- DipelTMe0
- Interactor
- large cabbage mothe1pest
- Outcome
- large cabbage moth (LCM) eggse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DipelTM (p: 0.485)”
e1“large cabbage moth (LCM) eggs in Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticides reduced T. chilonis parasitism of moth eggs.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Interactor
- LCMe0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonis
_Figure_2b.png?width=60)
Trichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- parasitism rate of T. chilonise0
- Direction
- Negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_2b.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Negative effects of insecticides were observed on the parasitism rate of T. chilonis and LCM egg masses”
e1“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
After insecticide application, moth egg masses were more likely to be partly parasitized.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- insecticide applicatione0
- Interactor
- LCMe0pest
- Outcome
- LCM egg massese0
- Direction
- more likelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCM egg masses, which were more likely to be only partially parasitised after an insecticide application”
e1“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Attack adversely affected T. chilonis parasitism rates of moth eggs.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- Attack TMe0
- Interactor
- LCMe0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- T. chilonis parasitism rates of LCM eggse0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Attack TM and EntrustTM adversely affected T. chilonis parasitism rates of LCM eggs”
e1“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Entrust adversely affected T. chilonis parasitism rates of moth eggs.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- EntrustTMe0
- Interactor
- LCMe0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- T. chilonis parasitism rates of LCM eggse0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Attack TM and EntrustTM adversely affected T. chilonis parasitism rates of LCM eggs”
e1“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Orthene and Dipel had statistically indistinguishable effects and reduced parasitism the least.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- OrtheneTMe0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- T. chilonis parasitisme0
- Direction
- did not significantly differe0
- Comparator
- DipelTMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of OrtheneTM and DipelTMdid not significantly differ from each other and could be safer to the parasitoid since both reduced T. chilonis parasitism the least”
e1“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Moth egg masses shifted from upper to lower leaf surfaces after insecticide spraying.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Organ / stage
- foliagee0
- Treatment
- insecticide sprayse0
- Outcome
- egg massese0
- Comparator
- before insecticide applicatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“before insecticide application the majority of egg masses were concentrated in the upper surface of the foliage but after insecticide sprays most of the egg masses were found in the lower surface of the foliage”
e1“Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering Dipel for IPM programmes dependent on T. chilonis parasitism.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- DipelTMe0
- Interactor
- LCMe0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inclusion in IPM programmese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DipelTM was found safer to the parasitoid and it could be considered for inclusion in IPM programmes that depend on T. chilonis parasitism of LCM”
e1“Chinese cabbage”