Abstract
To understand the contribution of wild Solanum species to the epidemiology of potato late blight in Sweden, we characterized the resistance of the three putative alternative hosts: S. physalifolium, S. nigrum, and S. dulcamara to Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. The pathogen sporulated in all 10 investigated S. physalifolium genotypes, suggesting susceptibility (S phenotype). Field-grown S. physalifolium was naturally infected but could regrow, though highly infected genotypes were smaller at the end of the season. In 75 S. nigrum genotypes, there were no symptoms (R phenotype) or a lesion restricted to the point of inoculation (R N phenotype), indicating resistance. In 164 S. dulcamara genotypes, most resistance variability was found within sibling groups. In addition to the three resistance phenotypes (R, R N , and S), in S. dulcamara a fourth new resistance phenotype (S L ) was identified with lesions larger than the point of inoculation but without visible sporulation of the pathogen. Quantitative PCR confirmed P. infestans growth difference in R N , S L , and S phenotypes. Thus, in Sweden S. physalifolium is susceptible and could be a player in epidemiology. A limited role of S. dulcamara leaves in the epidemiology of late blight was suggested, since no major symptoms have been found in the field.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
P. infestans sporulated in all ten tested S. physalifolium genotypes.
- Taxon
- S. physalifolium
Solanum physalifoliume0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse1pathogen - Outcome
- The pathogen sporulatede0
- Value
- all 10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogen sporulated in all 10 investigated S. physalifolium genotypes”
e1“Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
Field S. physalifolium was naturally infected but could regrow.
- Taxon
- S. physalifoliumSolanum physalifoliume0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- naturally infected but could regrowe0
- Setting
- Field-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-grown S. physalifolium was naturally infected but could regrow”
e1“Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
Highly infected S. physalifolium genotypes were smaller at season end.
- Taxon
- S. physalifoliumSolanum physalifoliume1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Outcome
- genotypes were smallere0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Qualifier
- highly infectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highly infected genotypes were smaller at the end of the season”
e1“Field-grown S. physalifolium was naturally infected”
e2“Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
Seventy-five S. nigrum genotypes had no symptoms or only an inoculation-point lesion, indicating resistance.
- Taxon
- S. nigrum
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- no symptoms (R phenotype) or a lesion restricted to the point of inoculation (R N phenotype)e0
- Value
- 75e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In 75 S. nigrum genotypes, there were no symptoms (R phenotype) or a lesion restricted to the point of inoculation (R N phenotype), indicating resistance”
e1“Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
S. dulcamara resistance varied chiefly within sibling groups.
- Taxon
- S. dulcamara
Solanum dulcamarae0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance variabilitye0
- Value
- 164e0
- Qualifier
- within sibling groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 164 S. dulcamara genotypes, most resistance variability was found within sibling groups”
e1“Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
A fourth S. dulcamara resistance phenotype had lesions beyond inoculation site without visible pathogen sporulation.
- Taxon
- S. dulcamaraSolanum dulcamarae0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- fourth new resistance phenotype (S L )e0
- Qualifier
- lesions larger than the point of inoculation but without visible sporulation of the pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in S. dulcamara a fourth new resistance phenotype (S L ) was identified with lesions larger than the point of inoculation but without visible sporulation of the pathogen”
e1“Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
qPCR confirmed P. infestans growth differences across R N, S L and S phenotypes.
- Taxon
- S. dulcamaraSolanum dulcamarae1
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- P. infestans growth differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quantitative PCR confirmed P. infestans growth difference in R N , S L , and S phenotypes”
e1“in S. dulcamara a fourth new resistance phenotype”
e2“Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest S. physalifolium could contribute to Swedish late blight epidemiology.
- Taxon
- S. physalifoliumSolanum physalifoliume0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- could be a player in epidemiologye0
- Qualifier
- susceptiblee0
- Setting
- Swedene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Sweden S. physalifolium is susceptible and could be a player in epidemiology”
e1“Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
S. dulcamara leaves were suggested to have a limited epidemiological role because field symptoms were absent.
- Taxon
- S. dulcamaraSolanum dulcamarae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- no major symptomse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A limited role of S. dulcamara leaves in the epidemiology of late blight was suggested, since no major symptoms have been found in the field”
e1“Phytophthora infestans”