Abstract
Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato. Management of the pathogen by using resistant cultivars requires knowledge on the aggressiveness and genetic diversity of the fungus. The aims of this study were to isolate A. solani from major tomato and potato producing areas in Indonesia and to study their aggressiveness and genetic variability. Twenty two A. solani isolates were recovered from early blighted tomato and potato in Central and West Java. A. alternata was also isolated from tomato leaves in West Java and North Sumatra, indicating that early blight in Indonesia may be caused by more than one Alternaria species. Resistance tests of four tomato genotypes to selected A. solani isolates revealed that local isolates were more aggressive in inciting early blight and stem lesion than an imported isolate from USA. This implies that introduced breeding materials must be tested to local isolates to obtain effective resistance genes. Cluster analysis based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) obtained from EcoRI+AG and MseI+C primer amplification separated 28 local and Taiwan isolates from the US isolate, which was coincided with aggressiveness separation between the local isolates and the US isolate. Three clusters of AFLP genotypes which did not associate with geographic origin were observed among tropical isolates. The low genetic diversity among the Indonesian isolates suggests clonal population structure with wide distribution. Successful local tomato breeding requires the availability of local A. solani collection with well-characterized aggressiveness level and molecular diversity to obtain effective resistance genes.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-two A. solani isolates were recovered from early blighted tomato and potato in Central and West Java.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- A. solani
Alternaria solanie1pathogen - Outcome
- recoverede1
- Value
- Twenty twoe1
- Setting
- Central and West Javae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato”
e1“Twenty two A. solani isolates were recovered from early blighted tomato and potato in Central and West Java”
Claim · model-written summary
A. alternata was isolated from tomato leaves in West Java and North Sumatra.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Interactor
- A. alternata
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Alternaria alternatae2pathogen - Outcome
- isolatede2
- Setting
- West Java and North Sumatrae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato”
e2“A. alternata was also isolated from tomato leaves in West Java and North Sumatra, indicating that early blight in Indonesia may be caused by more than one Alternaria species”
Claim · model-written summary
Local A. solani isolates were more aggressive in inciting early blight and stem lesion on tomato than an imported isolate from the USA.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- local isolatese3
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- early blight and stem lesione3
- Direction
- more aggressivee3
- Comparator
- an imported isolate from USAe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato”
e3“local isolates were more aggressive in inciting early blight and stem lesion than an imported isolate from USA. This implies that introduced breeding materials must be tested to local isolates to obtain effective resistance genes”
Claim · model-written summary
AFLP cluster analysis separated 28 local and Taiwan isolates from the US isolate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Cluster analysis based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)e4
- Value
- 28 local and Taiwan isolatese4
- Comparator
- the US isolatee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato”
e4“Cluster analysis based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) obtained from EcoRI+AG and MseI+C primer amplification separated 28 local and Taiwan isolates from the US isolate”
Claim · model-written summary
AFLP genotypes formed three clusters that did not associate with geographic origin among tropical isolates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Three clusters of AFLP genotypese5
- Value
- Three clusterse5
- Qualifier
- did not associate with geographic origine5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato”
e5“Three clusters of AFLP genotypes which did not associate with geographic origin were observed among tropical isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Indonesian isolates show low genetic diversity, suggesting a clonal population structure with wide distribution.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- genetic diversity among the Indonesian isolatese6
- Qualifier
- suggests clonal population structure with wide distributione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato”
e6“The low genetic diversity among the Indonesian isolates suggests clonal population structure with wide distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Introduced breeding materials must be tested against local isolates before their resistance genes are used.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- introduced breeding materials must be tested to local isolatese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato”
e3“local isolates were more aggressive in inciting early blight and stem lesion than an imported isolate from USA. This implies that introduced breeding materials must be tested to local isolates to obtain effective resistance genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Successful local tomato breeding requires a local A. solani collection with characterised aggressiveness and molecular diversity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- availability of local A. solani collection with well-characterized aggressiveness level and molecular diversitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria solani is a necrotroph fungus that causes three-phased diseases in tomato”
e7“Successful local tomato breeding requires the availability of local A. solani collection with well-characterized aggressiveness level and molecular diversity to obtain effective resistance genes”