Abstract
The reactions of five commercial varieties of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus, to A. gossypii were evaluated under semiarid field conditions. Each experimental plant of varieties Clemson spineless, Clemson spineless 80, Lee, Perkins dwarf, and Local was infested 60 days after emergence by three late-nymphal instars of the aphid. The results showed that aphid populations increased constantly on the varieties, except for days 42 and 49 after infestation, attaining a peak at about the end of the growing season. Differences in aphid densities were recorded between varieties. The aphids were most numerous on var. Local, while lowest in number on var. Lee. Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local. Reduction in the number of pods produced per plant followed the same pattern as observed for total yield. Aphids had not altered significantly the vegetative plant growth at day 37 following infestation. At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced. Moreover, aphid-free controls varied widely in their growth and productivity at the end of growing season. Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest. The varieties Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless produced significantly higher shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf area, than vars. Lee and Local.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid populations rose through the season with exceptions on days 42 and 49.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that aphid populations increased constantly on the varieties, except for days 42 and 49 after infestation, attaining a peak at about the end of the growing season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid densities differed among okra varieties, highest on Local and lowest on Lee.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in aphid densities were recorded between varieties. The aphids were most numerous on var. Local, while lowest in number on var. Lee.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids reduced Perkins dwarf yield by 57%.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Material
- Perkins dwarfe0
- Treatment
- Infestation by aphidse0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids reduced Lee yield by 56%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Material
- Leee0
- Treatment
- Infestation by aphidse0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids reduced Clemson spineless yield by 24%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Material
- Clemson spinelesse0
- Treatment
- Infestation by aphidse0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids reduced Clemson spineless 80 yield by 21%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Material
- Clemson spineless 80e0
- Treatment
- Infestation by aphidse0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids reduced Local yield by 5%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Material
- Locale0
- Treatment
- Infestation by aphidse0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod number per plant followed the same reduction pattern as total yield.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Interactor
- Aphis gossypii Glover
Aphis gossypiit0peste0 - Outcome
- number of pods produced per plante0
- Direction
- Reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in the number of pods produced per plant followed the same pattern as observed for total yield.”
t0“Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids had no significant effect on vegetative growth at day 37.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Aphidse0
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- vegetative plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- day 37 following infestatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aphids had not altered significantly the vegetative plant growth at day 37 following infestation.”
t0“okra varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Perkins dwarf shoot fresh and dry weight and leaf area declined at day 66.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Material
- Perkins dwarfe0
- Interactor
- Aphis gossypii GloverAphis gossypiit0peste0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced.”
t0“Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Clemson spineless leaf area decreased significantly at day 66.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Material
- Clemson spinelesse0
- Interactor
- Aphis gossypii GloverAphis gossypiit0peste0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced.”
t0“Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid free controls varied widely in growth and productivity.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- growth and productivitye0
- Qualifier
- aphid-free controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, aphid-free controls varied widely in their growth and productivity at the end of growing season.”
t0“okra varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 had the highest yield and pod counts.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Material
- Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80e0
- Outcome
- total yield and pod numberse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Locale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest.”
t0“okra varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Local had the lowest yield and pod counts.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Material
- Locale0
- Outcome
- total yield and pod numberse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest.”
t0“okra varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless had higher shoot weight and leaf area than Lee and Local.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Material
- Perkins dwarf and Clemson spinelesse0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Lee and Locale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The varieties Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless produced significantly higher shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf area, than vars. Lee and Local.”
t0“okra varieties”