Abstract
Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with two replications during 2011/2012 at two locations to study the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction for yield and yield related traits and identify the most stable high yielding genotypes. ANOVA of data at individual locations revealed significant differences among genotypes at Marigat and Koibatek for all yield components. Combined mean analysis of variance showed that the Genotype and location main effects and the genotype by environment interaction were highly significant (P≤0.01) for grain yield and other traits, indicating differential response of genotypes across testing locations and the need for stability analysis. Marigat was the most suitable environment and gave highest mean grain yield of 3620 kg/ha. The lowest yield 870 Kg/ha was recorded at Koibatek. Genotypes EUP 32, EUP 35, EUP 19 and EUP 10 produced high mean yield of 3530, 3080, 2690 and 2590 kg/ha respectively. The lowest grain 1290 kg/ha was obtained from genotype EUP 4.Based on the parameters of stability, three stable (widely adapted) and high yielding genotypes (EUP 34, EUP 18, and EUP 9) were identified. They also out-yield the standard open pollinated variety (OPV) check, Kat PM2. Genotypes EUP 32 was the highest yielding across all sites followed by EUP 35 and could be recommended for further multi-location evaluation in warmer environment and possible release for commercial production. The findings of this study showed that pearl millet hybrids have high potential for commercial production in Kenya than the OPVs. The ANOVA results showed that the effects of environments, genotypes and genotype x environment interaction (GE) were important in trait expression and performance of genotypes. In addition, it was observed that amount of rainfall received at both vegetative and post-anthesis phases and temperature had an effect on grain yield. The GGE biplot analysis characterised the environments in terms of stability and productivity, where Marigat was the best for grain yield; implying that environment-specific selection should be adopted. Genotypes EUP 34, EUP 18, and EUP 9 were the best performing since they out yielded the standard OPV check. These stable high yielding genotypes can be evaluated further in varied agro-ecologies and recommended for release as commercial hybrid varieties in ASALs of Kenya.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Marigat gave the highest mean grain yield (3620 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse1 - Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 3620 kg/hae2
- Setting
- Marigate2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“Marigat was the most suitable environment and gave highest mean grain yield of 3620 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Koibatek gave the lowest yield (870 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- loweste3
- Value
- 870 Kg/hae3
- Setting
- Koibateke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e3“The lowest yield 870 Kg/ha was recorded at Koibatek”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype EUP 32 produced high mean yield (3530 kg/ha).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e4“Genotypes EUP 32, EUP 35, EUP 19 and EUP 10 produced high mean yield of 3530, 3080, 2690 and 2590 kg/ha respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype EUP 35 produced high mean yield (3080 kg/ha).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e4“Genotypes EUP 32, EUP 35, EUP 19 and EUP 10 produced high mean yield of 3530, 3080, 2690 and 2590 kg/ha respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype EUP 19 produced high mean yield (2690 kg/ha).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e4“Genotypes EUP 32, EUP 35, EUP 19 and EUP 10 produced high mean yield of 3530, 3080, 2690 and 2590 kg/ha respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype EUP 10 produced high mean yield (2590 kg/ha).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e4“Genotypes EUP 32, EUP 35, EUP 19 and EUP 10 produced high mean yield of 3530, 3080, 2690 and 2590 kg/ha respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype EUP 4 had the lowest grain yield (1290 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- EUP 4e5
- Outcome
- graine5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Value
- 1290 kg/hae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e5“The lowest grain 1290 kg/ha was obtained from genotype EUP 4”
Claim · model-written summary
EUP 34, EUP 18 and EUP 9 were identified as stable and high yielding genotypes.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- EUP 34, EUP 18, and EUP 9e6
- Outcome
- high yielding genotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e6“Based on the parameters of stability, three stable (widely adapted) and high yielding genotypes (EUP 34, EUP 18, and EUP 9) were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
EUP 34, EUP 18 and EUP 9 out-yielded the standard open pollinated variety (OPV) check Kat PM2.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- EUP 34, EUP 18, and EUP 9e6
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- out-yielde7
- Comparator
- standard open pollinated variety (OPV) check, Kat PM2e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e6“Based on the parameters of stability, three stable (widely adapted) and high yielding genotypes (EUP 34, EUP 18, and EUP 9) were identified”
e7“They also out-yield the standard open pollinated variety (OPV) check, Kat PM2”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype EUP 32 was the highest yielding genotype across all sites.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- EUP 32e2
- Outcome
- yieldinge2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Setting
- all sitese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“Genotypes EUP 32 was the highest yielding across all sites followed by EUP 35”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype, location and genotype-by-environment interaction main effects were highly significant (P≤0.01) for grain yield.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Qualifier
- P≤0.01e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“Combined mean analysis of variance showed that the Genotype and location main effects and the genotype by environment interaction were highly significant (P≤0.01) for grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall at the vegetative and post-anthesis phases and temperature had an effect on grain yield; direction not stated.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Treatment
- amount of rainfall received at both vegetative and post-anthesis phases and temperaturee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“it was observed that amount of rainfall received at both vegetative and post-anthesis phases and temperature had an effect on grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Environments, genotypes and genotype-by-environment interaction were important in trait expression and performance.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- trait expression and performancee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“the effects of environments, genotypes and genotype x environment interaction (GE) were important in trait expression and performance of genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend environment-specific selection for pearl millet.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- environment-specific selectione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“where Marigat was the best for grain yield; implying that environment-specific selection should be adopted”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet hybrids have high potential for commercial production in Kenya, more than the OPVs.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- hybridse2
- Outcome
- potential for commercial productione2
- Direction
- highe2
- Comparator
- OPVse2
- Setting
- Kenyae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“The findings of this study showed that pearl millet hybrids have high potential for commercial production in Kenya than the OPVs”
Claim · model-written summary
EUP 34, EUP 18 and EUP 9 are recommended for release as commercial hybrid varieties.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- EUP 34, EUP 18, and EUP 9e3
- Outcome
- release as commercial hybrid varietiese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“These stable high yielding genotypes can be evaluated further in varied agro-ecologies and recommended for release as commercial hybrid varieties in ASALs of Kenya”
e3“Genotypes EUP 34, EUP 18, and EUP 9 were the best performing since they out yielded the standard OPV check”
Claim · model-written summary
EUP 32 is recommended for further multi-location evaluation in a warmer environment and possible release.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- EUP 32e2
- Outcome
- further multi-location evaluatione2
- Setting
- warmer environmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“Genotypes EUP 32 was the highest yielding across all sites followed by EUP 35 and could be recommended for further multi-location evaluation in warmer environment and possible release for commercial production”
Claim · model-written summary
The GGE biplot characterised the environments by stability and productivity.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- stability and productivitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“The GGE biplot analysis characterised the environments in terms of stability and productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes differed significantly at Marigat and Koibatek for all yield components.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- yield componentse2
- Setting
- Marigat and Koibateke2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thirty six pearl millet genotypes were evaluated”
e2“ANOVA of data at individual locations revealed significant differences among genotypes at Marigat and Koibatek for all yield components”