Paper · 2018 · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar

Sajjad Ghanbari; Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj

14
claims
26
verbatim quotes
4
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-sa

Abstract

Understanding of biodiversity status can be applied as a guide to better ecosystem management. The ecosystem ecological sustainability is ensured by high species diversity and better conservation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the species diversity of trees and shrubs in the Guijeh-bel region of Ahar and to determine species diversity using related indicators, as well as the relationship between biodiversity and physiographic factors. Sampling was done in 48 circular sample plots, each 314m2, by a random-systematic method within a 150×200m network. In each sample plot, a list of all of tree and shrub species with abundant-overcome values was recorded based on the Brown Blanche scale. The results showed that there were 13 woody species. Smilax excelsa L. and Rhamnus sp. had the highest (39%) and the lowest (0.04%) presence in the sample plots, respectively. The number of stems varied from 10 to 110 stems of different species in the sample plots. Two index species of Arasbaran region, Acer campestre L. and Viburnum lantana L., were observed in this area. Viburnum lantana and Acer campestre were often found on the western and the eastern aspects, respectively. The main effects of slope on the Taxa, Simpson, Shannon-Weiner and Margaleff indicators were not significant. The main effect of aspect was significant on the taxa index at 1% level and on other indicators at 5% level. The average of all indicators of diversity in the western aspect was higher than those of other aspects. The results of clustering of vegetation composition confirmed the results of the comparison of the site diversity indices. According to the results of the coefficient of variation, the taxa and Margalaf indices had the highest coefficient of variation. Therefore, in other studies, as well as assessment of the effects of management and monitoring of vegetation changes, it is recommended to use the indicators. Based on the results of this study, the high values of slope steepness and biodiversity, provides the protection of the area.

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Claims 14

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Thirteen woody species were recorded in the study area.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Outcome
woody speciese0
Value
13e0
Setting
Guijeh-bel region of Ahart0

Verbatim

t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
e0

“The results showed that there were 13 woody species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–769 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Smilax excelsa had the highest presence in the sample plots, at 39%.

Taxon
Smilax excelsa L.Smilax excelsae1
Outcome
presence in the sample plotse1
Value
39%e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Smilax excelsa
Smilax excelsa · TaxonZeynel Cebeci · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Smilax excelsa L. and Rhamnus sp. had the highest (39%) and the lowest (0.04%) presence in the sample plots, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 771–892 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhamnus sp. had the lowest presence in the sample plots, at 0.04%.

Taxon
Rhamnus sp.Rhamnuse1
Outcome
presence in the sample plotse1
Value
0.04%e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Rhamnus
Rhamnus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Smilax excelsa L. and Rhamnus sp. had the highest (39%) and the lowest (0.04%) presence in the sample plots, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 771–892 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Acer campestre and Viburnum lantana were observed as two index species of the Arasbaran region.

Taxon
Acer campestre L. and Viburnum lantana L.Acer campestreViburnum lantanae2
Outcome
index speciese2
Setting
Arasbaran regione2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Acer campestre
Acer campestre · TaxonWillow · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Viburnum lantana
Viburnum lantana · TaxonOpioła Jerzy · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“Two index species of Arasbaran region, Acer campestre L. and Viburnum lantana L., were observed in this area”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 984–1092 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Viburnum lantana was often found on the western aspect.

Taxon
Viburnum lantanaViburnum lantanae3
Outcome
often founde3
Setting
westerne3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Viburnum lantana
Viburnum lantana · TaxonOpioła Jerzy · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Viburnum lantana and Acer campestre were often found on the western and the eastern aspects, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1094–1199 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Acer campestre was often found on the eastern aspect.

Taxon
Acer campestreAcer campestree3
Outcome
often founde3
Setting
easterne3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Acer campestre
Acer campestre · TaxonWillow · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Viburnum lantana and Acer campestre were often found on the western and the eastern aspects, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1094–1199 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Slope had no significant main effect on the Taxa, Simpson, Shannon-Weiner and Margaleff indicators.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Treatment
slopee4
Outcome
Taxa, Simpson, Shannon-Weiner and Margaleff indicatorse4
Direction
no_changeinferrede4

Verbatim

e4

“The main effects of slope on the Taxa, Simpson, Shannon-Weiner and Margaleff indicators were not significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1201–1309 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Aspect had a significant main effect on the taxa index.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Treatment
aspecte5
Outcome
taxa indexe5
Qualifier
1% levele5

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e5

“The main effect of aspect was significant on the taxa index at 1% level and on other indicators at 5% level”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1311–1418 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Aspect had a significant main effect on the other diversity indicators.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Treatment
aspecte5
Outcome
other indicatorse5
Qualifier
5% levele5

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e5

“The main effect of aspect was significant on the taxa index at 1% level and on other indicators at 5% level”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1311–1418 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The average of all diversity indicators was higher in the western aspect than in the other aspects.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Outcome
indicators of diversitye6
Direction
highere6
Comparator
other aspectse6
Setting
western aspecte6

Verbatim

e6

“The average of all indicators of diversity in the western aspect was higher than those of other aspects”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1420–1523 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Clustering of vegetation composition confirmed the site comparison of diversity indices.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Outcome
clustering of vegetation compositione7

Verbatim

e7

“The results of clustering of vegetation composition confirmed the results of the comparison of the site diversity indices”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1525–1646 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The taxa and Margalef indices had the highest coefficient of variation.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Outcome
taxa and Margalaf indicese7
Direction
higheste7
Qualifier
coefficient of variatione7

Verbatim

e7

“the taxa and Margalaf indices had the highest coefficient of variation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1706–1776 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend using these diversity indicators in future studies and in monitoring vegetation change.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Outcome
use the indicatorse1

Verbatim

e1

“it is recommended to use the indicators”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1896–1935 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

High slope steepness and biodiversity provide protection of the area.

Taxon
tree and shrub speciest0
Treatment
slope steepnesse1
Outcome
protection of the areae1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e1

“the high values of slope steepness and biodiversity, provides the protection of the area”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1973–2061 · show in text ↑
t0

“Diversity of tree and shrub species in woodlands of Guijeh-bel region of Ahar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–77 · show in text ↑