Abstract
Indiana has a wide array of native pollinators, but where they are foraging and their pollination role, if any, in Indiana soybean fields is unclear. In two Indiana soybean fields sampled in 2016, a total of 33 pollinator species and 1,180 individuals from five different families (Andrenidae, Collectidae, Syrphidae, Apidae and Halictidae) were collected in a transect line including bee bowls at varying distances (0m, 5m, 10m, 25m, 50m, 100m and 250m). Species richness and abundance was similar across the varying bee bowl distances with soybean growth stage R2 and R3 collecting the most individuals and species totals. Field experiments had two treatments: caged soybeans which excluded pollinators and uncaged soybeans which allowed pollinator access. Soybean yield parameters such as 3 seeded pods (F1, 96 = 2.58, P = 0.11) and seed weight (F 1, 96 = 2.82, P = 0.10) were not significantly different between caged and uncaged plants in the field setting. However, weight per seed was significantly higher for caged soybeans compared to uncaged soybeans (F1, 96 = 16.74, P < 0.001). Greenhouse artificial pollination techniques were not statistically different from one another in terms of yield. Although many native pollinators are foraging within the monoculture of soybeans, I found no evidence that soybean yields are affected by pollinators in the field.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Two Indiana soybean fields sampled in 2016 yielded 33 pollinator species and 1,180 individuals from five families.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Interactor
- pollinator speciese1pollinator
- Outcome
- pollinator speciese1
- Value
- 33 pollinator species and 1,180 individualse1
- Setting
- Indiana soybean fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In two Indiana soybean fields sampled in 2016, a total of 33 pollinator species and 1,180 individuals from five different families”
Claim · model-written summary
Species richness and abundance of pollinators were similar across bee bowl distances from 0 m to 250 m.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- varying bee bowl distancese2
- Outcome
- Species richness and abundancee2
- Direction
- similare2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In two Indiana soybean fields sampled in 2016”
e2“Species richness and abundance was similar across the varying bee bowl distances”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean growth stage R2 and R3 collected the most pollinator individuals and species totals.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe3
- Organ / stage
- growth stage R2 and R3e3
- Outcome
- individuals and species totalse3
- Direction
- moste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“soybean growth stage R2 and R3 collecting the most individuals and species totals”
Claim · model-written summary
Caged soybeans that excluded pollinators did not differ significantly from uncaged soybeans in 3 seeded pods in the field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- caged soybeans which excluded pollinatorse4
- Interactor
- pollinatorse4pollinator
- Outcome
- 3 seeded podse5
- Direction
- not significantly differente5
- Value
- F1, 96 = 2.58, P = 0.11e5
- Comparator
- uncaged soybeans which allowed pollinator accesse4
- Setting
- in the field settinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“caged soybeans which excluded pollinators and uncaged soybeans which allowed pollinator access”
e5“Soybean yield parameters such as 3 seeded pods (F1, 96 = 2.58, P = 0.11) and seed weight (F 1, 96 = 2.82, P = 0.10) were not significantly different between caged and uncaged plants in the field setting”
Claim · model-written summary
Caged and uncaged soybeans did not differ significantly in seed weight in the field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- caged soybeans which excluded pollinatorse4
- Interactor
- pollinatorse4pollinator
- Outcome
- seed weighte5
- Direction
- not significantly differente5
- Value
- F 1, 96 = 2.82, P = 0.10e5
- Comparator
- uncaged soybeans which allowed pollinator accesse4
- Setting
- in the field settinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“caged soybeans which excluded pollinators and uncaged soybeans which allowed pollinator access”
e5“Soybean yield parameters such as 3 seeded pods (F1, 96 = 2.58, P = 0.11) and seed weight (F 1, 96 = 2.82, P = 0.10) were not significantly different between caged and uncaged plants in the field setting”
Claim · model-written summary
Weight per seed was significantly higher in caged soybeans than in uncaged soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe6
- Treatment
- caged soybeanse6
- Outcome
- weight per seede6
- Direction
- significantly highere6
- Value
- F1, 96 = 16.74, P < 0.001e6
- Comparator
- uncaged soybeanse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“weight per seed was significantly higher for caged soybeans compared to uncaged soybeans (F1, 96 = 16.74, P < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse artificial pollination techniques did not differ statistically in soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Greenhouse artificial pollination techniquese7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- not statistically differente7
- Setting
- Greenhousee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In two Indiana soybean fields sampled in 2016”
e7“Greenhouse artificial pollination techniques were not statistically different from one another in terms of yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Many native pollinators forage within the soybean monoculture.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe6
- Interactor
- native pollinatorse6pollinator
- Outcome
- native pollinators are foraginge6
- Setting
- monoculture of soybeanse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Although many native pollinators are foraging within the monoculture of soybeans”
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See all 63 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.