Abstract
Bacterial apical necrosis of mango trees, a disease elicited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, is a primary limiting factor of mango crop production in the Mediterranean region. In this study, a collection of bacterial isolates associated with necrotic symptoms in mango trees similar to those produced by bacterial apical necrosis disease were isolated over five consecutive years in orchards from the Canary Islands. The bacterial isolates were characterized and identified as Pantoea agglomerans. Pathogenicity tests conducted on onion bulbs and mango plants confirmed that P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees are a new etiological agent of a bacterial necrotic disease in the Canary Islands. Pathogenicity plasmids of the pPATH family have been previously reported in P. agglomerans. The majority of putatively pathogenic (n = 23) and pathogenic (n = 4) P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees harbored four plasmids, one of which was close in size to the 135-kb pPATH pathogenicity plasmid. The analysis of the presence of two major genes in pPATH plasmids (repA and hrpJ) was undertaken in P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees. The hrpJ gene was detected in the 140-kb plasmid of pathogenic P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees but it showed differences in nucleotide sequences compared with other pathogenic strains. In contrast, the repA gene was not detected in any of the putatively pathogenic and pathogenic P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees. Finally, genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis using the hrpJ gene and the housekeeping genes gyrB and rpoB showed that almost all P. agglomerans strains that were putatively pathogenic and pathogenic on mango trees clustered together, forming a differentiated phylogroup with respect to the other pathogenic P. agglomerans strains described from other hosts.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Necrosis associated isolates from mango trees were identified as Pantoea agglomerans.
- Taxon
- mango trees
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Mangifera indicat0 - Interactor
- Pantoea agglomerans
Pantoea agglomeranse0pathogen - Outcome
- identified as Pantoea agglomeranse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial isolates were characterized and identified as Pantoea agglomerans.”
e1“The bacterial isolates were characterized and identified as Pantoea agglomerans.”
t0“Mango Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogenicity tests confirmed P. agglomerans as an etiological agent of mango necrosis in the Canary Islands.
- Taxon
- mango plantsMangifera indicae0
- Interactor
- P. agglomeransPantoea agglomeranse0pathogen
- Outcome
- a new etiological agent of a bacterial necrotic diseasee0
- Setting
- Canary Islandse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity tests conducted on onion bulbs and mango plants confirmed that P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees are a new etiological agent of a bacterial necrotic disease in the Canary Islands.”
e1“Pathogenicity tests conducted on onion bulbs and mango plants confirmed that P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees are a new etiological agent of a bacterial necrotic disease in the Canary Islands.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most putatively pathogenic and pathogenic P. agglomerans isolates carried four plasmids, including one near pPATH size.
- Taxon
- mango treesMangifera indicae0
- Interactor
- P. agglomeransPantoea agglomeranse0pathogen
- Outcome
- harbored four plasmidse0
- Value
- four plasmidse0
- Qualifier
- close in size to the 135-kb pPATH pathogenicity plasmide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The majority of putatively pathogenic (n = 23) and pathogenic (n = 4) P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees harbored four plasmids, one of which was close in size to the 135-kb pPATH pathogenicity plasmid.”
e1“The majority of putatively pathogenic (n = 23) and pathogenic (n = 4) P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees harbored four plasmids, one of which was close in size to the 135-kb pPATH pathogenicity plasmid.”
Claim · model-written summary
The hrpJ gene occurred on a 140-kb plasmid in pathogenic mango P. agglomerans strains.
- Taxon
- mango treesMangifera indicae0
- Interactor
- P. agglomeransPantoea agglomeranse0pathogen
- Gene
- hrpJe0
- Outcome
- detected in the 140-kb plasmide0
- Value
- 140-kbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hrpJ gene was detected in the 140-kb plasmid of pathogenic P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees but it showed differences in nucleotide sequences compared with other pathogenic strains.”
e1“The hrpJ gene was detected in the 140-kb plasmid of pathogenic P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees but it showed differences in nucleotide sequences compared with other pathogenic strains.”
Claim · model-written summary
The hrpJ sequence differed from other pathogenic strains.
- Taxon
- mango treesMangifera indicae0
- Interactor
- P. agglomeransPantoea agglomeranse0pathogen
- Gene
- hrpJe0
- Outcome
- differences in nucleotide sequencese0
- Comparator
- other pathogenic strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hrpJ gene was detected in the 140-kb plasmid of pathogenic P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees but it showed differences in nucleotide sequences compared with other pathogenic strains.”
e1“The hrpJ gene was detected in the 140-kb plasmid of pathogenic P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees but it showed differences in nucleotide sequences compared with other pathogenic strains.”
Claim · model-written summary
The repA gene was absent from putatively pathogenic and pathogenic mango P. agglomerans strains.
- Taxon
- mango treesMangifera indicae0
- Interactor
- P. agglomeransPantoea agglomeranse0pathogen
- Gene
- repAe0
- Outcome
- not detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the repA gene was not detected in any of the putatively pathogenic and pathogenic P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees.”
e1“the repA gene was not detected in any of the putatively pathogenic and pathogenic P. agglomerans strains isolated from mango trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Almost all putatively pathogenic and pathogenic mango P. agglomerans strains formed a distinct phylogroup.
- Taxon
- mango treesMangifera indicae0
- Interactor
- P. agglomeransPantoea agglomeranse0pathogen
- Outcome
- clustered together, forming a differentiated phylogroupe0
- Comparator
- other pathogenic P. agglomerans strains described from other hostse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“almost all P. agglomerans strains that were putatively pathogenic and pathogenic on mango trees clustered together, forming a differentiated phylogroup with respect to the other pathogenic P. agglomerans strains described from other hosts.”
e1“almost all P. agglomerans strains that were putatively pathogenic and pathogenic on mango trees clustered together, forming a differentiated phylogroup with respect to the other pathogenic P. agglomerans strains described from other hosts.”