Abstract
Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a stink bug species that preferentially attacks cruciferous crops. Because organic growers have limited insecticide tools for combating B. hilaris, the lethal and sublethal effects of organically approved insecticide products and their selected combinations against B. hilaris were examined in laboratory and field settings. In a topical spray assay, spinosad, either alone or in combination with pyrethrins, azadirachtin, and potassium salts, resulted in >95% mortality relative to the water-only treatment 48 h postapplication; whereas, stand-alone pyrethrins and azadirachtin failed to cause similar mortality rates. When adults were exposed to treated broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Blenck) seedlings for 48 h after 0, 1, and 7 d of application, the number of feeding injury sites was significantly lower with the combined treatment of spinosad, pyrethrins, and azadirachtin than those on seedlings treated with water alone at 0 and 1 d postapplication. However, when adults were exposed to seedlings at 7 d postapplication, only the combined treatment with pyrethrins and azadirachtin reduced the number of feeding sites compared with the water control. When the locomotor activity of adults was evaluated after exposure to dried residues for 20 min and 2 h, adults were found to be more active when exposed to combined treatment with spinosad, pyrethrins, and azadirachtin than the individual treatments. In the field trials, although most of the insecticide products and their combinations failed to provide persistent B. hilaris control, the combined treatment of pyrethrins and potassium salts reduced the number of feeding sites compared with the nontreated control.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In a topical spray assay, spinosad alone or combined with pyrethrins, azadirachtin and potassium salts caused more than 95% mortality of Bagrada hilaris relative to water only.
- Taxon
- Bagrada hilaris
Bagrada hilarise0 - Treatment
- spinosad, either alone or in combination with pyrethrins, azadirachtin, and potassium saltse1
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- >95%e1
- Comparator
- water-only treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bagrada hilaris”
e1“spinosad, either alone or in combination with pyrethrins, azadirachtin, and potassium salts, resulted in >95% mortality relative to the water-only treatment 48 h postapplication”
Claim · model-written summary
Stand-alone pyrethrins and azadirachtin failed to cause mortality of Bagrada hilaris as high as spinosad treatments.
- Taxon
- Bagrada hilarisBagrada hilarise0
- Treatment
- stand-alone pyrethrins and azadirachtine1
- Outcome
- mortality ratese1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Comparator
- water-only treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bagrada hilaris”
e1“stand-alone pyrethrins and azadirachtin failed to cause similar mortality rates”
e2“water-only treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
On broccoli seedlings exposed at 0 and 1 d after application, feeding injury sites were significantly fewer with the combined spinosad, pyrethrins and azadirachtin treatment than with water alone.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- combined treatment of spinosad, pyrethrins, and azadirachtine1
- Outcome
- number of feeding injury sitese1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- at 0 and 1 d postapplicatione1
- Comparator
- seedlings treated with water alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broccoli”
e1“the number of feeding injury sites was significantly lower with the combined treatment of spinosad, pyrethrins, and azadirachtin than those on seedlings treated with water alone at 0 and 1 d postapplication”
Claim · model-written summary
When adults were exposed at 7 d after application, only the combined pyrethrins and azadirachtin treatment reduced the number of feeding sites relative to the water control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- combined treatment with pyrethrins and azadirachtine1
- Outcome
- number of feeding sitese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- at 7 d postapplicatione1
- Comparator
- water controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broccoli”
e1“when adults were exposed to seedlings at 7 d postapplication, only the combined treatment with pyrethrins and azadirachtin reduced the number of feeding sites compared with the water control”
Claim · model-written summary
Adults were more active after exposure to dried residues of the combined spinosad, pyrethrins and azadirachtin treatment than of the individual treatments.
- Taxon
- Bagrada hilarisBagrada hilarise0
- Treatment
- combined treatment with spinosad, pyrethrins, and azadirachtine1
- Outcome
- locomotor activity of adultse1
- Direction
- more activee1
- Comparator
- individual treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bagrada hilaris”
e1“the locomotor activity of adults was evaluated after exposure to dried residues for 20 min and 2 h, adults were found to be more active when exposed to combined treatment with spinosad, pyrethrins, and azadirachtin than the individual treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In field trials most insecticide products and their combinations failed to provide persistent control of B. hilaris.
- Taxon
- B. hilarisBagrada hilarise0
- Treatment
- most of the insecticide products and their combinationse0
- Outcome
- persistent B. hilaris controle0
- Setting
- field trialse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field trials, although most of the insecticide products and their combinations failed to provide persistent B. hilaris control”
Claim · model-written summary
In field trials the combined pyrethrins and potassium salts treatment reduced the number of feeding sites compared with the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- Bagrada hilarisBagrada hilarise0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of pyrethrins and potassium saltse2
- Outcome
- number of feeding sitese2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- nontreated controle2
- Setting
- field trialse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bagrada hilaris”
e1“In the field trials”
e2“the combined treatment of pyrethrins and potassium salts reduced the number of feeding sites compared with the nontreated control”
The same questions in other papers
azadirachtin · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.