Abstract
Core Ideas Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut. Applied nitrogen is less effective than inoculation with Bradyrhizobia in new peanut fields. Return on investment from Bradyrhizobia inoculant occurs regardless of field history relative to peanut production. Adequate nitrogen (N) fixation by peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is essential to optimize yield. In replicated trials in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia from 1998–2017, commercially available in‐furrow liquid or granular inoculant increased yield from 3460 to 4660 lb/acre in new peanut fields (52 trials) and 4280 to 4450 lb/acre in fields with a previous history of peanut plantings within the past 4 years (43 trials). The increase in economic value from inoculation treatment ($8/acre) at a peanut price of $535/ton was $318/acre and $41/acre in fields with these respective histories. In a second experiment, replicated trials were conducted from 2007–2017 in fields without a history of peanut production or fields not rotated to peanut within at least the past 20 years. Economic return based on peanut prices described previously was determined to reflect cost of N applied as ammonium sulfate ($0.28/lb ammonium sulfate) as a single application 45 to 60 days after planting when canopy foliage began to express N deficiency. A linear or quadratic response to rates of 0, 60, 90, 120, and 150 lb N/acre was noted in five trials with no response observed in the remaining four trials. When these experiments were included with five other experiments where non‐inoculated and inoculated controls were compared with one rate only (120 lb N/acre), yield and economic return were greater for inoculated peanut compared with peanut receiving N or the non‐inoculated and non‐fertilized control. Nitrogen increased peanut yield and economic return compared with the non‐fertilized control. Results from these experiments underscore the value of inoculation with Bradyrhizobia at planting regardless of field history and the limitations of applied N to correct N deficiencies in peanut.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased peanut yield from 3460 to 4660 lb/acre in new fields.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- in‐furrow liquid or granular inoculante0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobiae1symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4660 lb/acree0
- Qualifier
- 3460e0
- Setting
- new peanut fieldse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in‐furrow liquid or granular inoculant increased yield from 3460 to 4660 lb/acre in new peanut fields”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased yield from 4280 to 4450 lb/acre in fields with recent peanut history.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- inoculante1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobiae2symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 4450 lb/acree0
- Qualifier
- 4280e0
- Setting
- fields with a previous history of peanut plantings within the past 4 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4280 to 4450 lb/acre in fields with a previous history of peanut plantings within the past 4 years”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
e2“Applied nitrogen is less effective than inoculation with Bradyrhizobia in new peanut fields.”
e3“in‐furrow liquid or granular inoculant increased yield from 3460 to 4660 lb/acre in new peanut fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation added $318/acre economic value in new fields.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobiae2symbiont
- Outcome
- economic valuee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- $318/acree0
- Setting
- new peanut fieldse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in economic value from inoculation treatment ($8/acre) at a peanut price of $535/ton was $318/acre and $41/acre in fields with these respective histories.”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
e2“Applied nitrogen is less effective than inoculation with Bradyrhizobia in new peanut fields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation added $41/acre economic value in fields with recent peanut history.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmente0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobiae2symbiont
- Outcome
- economic valuee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- $41/acree0
- Setting
- fields with a previous history of peanut plantings within the past 4 yearse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in economic value from inoculation treatment ($8/acre) at a peanut price of $535/ton was $318/acre and $41/acre in fields with these respective histories.”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
e2“Applied nitrogen is less effective than inoculation with Bradyrhizobia in new peanut fields.”
e4“4280 to 4450 lb/acre in fields with a previous history of peanut plantings within the past 4 years”
Claim · model-written summary
N rates gave linear or quadratic responses in five trials.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- rates of 0, 60, 90, 120, and 150 lb N/acree0
- Outcome
- linear or quadratic responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A linear or quadratic response to rates of 0, 60, 90, 120, and 150 lb N/acre was noted in five trials”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
Claim · model-written summary
The remaining four nitrogen-rate trials showed no response.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- rates of 0, 60, 90, 120, and 150 lb N/acree5
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- no responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no response observed in the remaining four trials”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
e5“A linear or quadratic response to rates of 0, 60, 90, 120, and 150 lb N/acre was noted in five trials”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated peanut yielded more than nitrogen-treated or untreated peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- inoculated peanute0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobiae1symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- peanut receiving N or the non‐inoculated and non‐fertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield and economic return were greater for inoculated peanut compared with peanut receiving N or the non‐inoculated and non‐fertilized control”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated peanut had greater economic return than nitrogen-treated or untreated peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- inoculated peanute0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobiae1symbiont
- Outcome
- economic returne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- peanut receiving N or the non‐inoculated and non‐fertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield and economic return were greater for inoculated peanut compared with peanut receiving N or the non‐inoculated and non‐fertilized control”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased peanut yield over an unfertilized control.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- peanut yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non‐fertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased peanut yield and economic return compared with the non‐fertilized control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased economic return over an unfertilized control.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- economic returne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non‐fertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased peanut yield and economic return compared with the non‐fertilized control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor Bradyrhizobia inoculation at planting regardless of field history.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculation with Bradyrhizobia at planting regardless of field historye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from these experiments underscore the value of inoculation with Bradyrhizobia at planting regardless of field history”
e1“Bradyrhizobia inoculant increases peanut yield in new peanut fields and in fields with a recent history of peanut.”
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