Abstract
The effect of continuous, intensive grazing by cattle on aphid populations was examined in the first growth cycle of ‘Alfagraze’ and ‘Apollo’ alfalfa which are tolerant and not tolerant to grazing, respectively. Populations were almost entirely pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). The effect of grazing on aphid populations was examined in small plot exclusion studies in 1991 and 1992, and the effects of grazing and use of an early insecticide application with ≤7 day grazing restriction were examined in large plot exclusion trials in 1993 and 1994. Grazing reduced aphid populations by 66% to 90% when numbers exceeded ~1 aphid per stem. Populations were not significantly reduced by grazing when numbers did not exceed 1 per stem. Permethrin reduced aphid numbers for up to 7 wks and was more effective than carbofuran. Effects of grazing were similar regardless of insecticide usage. Coccinellid beetle populations in 1993 and 1994 were composed of Coccinella septempunctata L., Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), and Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer. Coccinellid numbers were much lower in grazed than ungrazed plots when aphid numbers were reduced by grazing in 1993, but were not greatly affected by grazing in 1994 when aphid numbers were low. Coccinellid numbers paralleled trends in aphid numbers. Continuous, intensive grazing or the early application of an insecticide at a low rate followed by grazing were effective approaches for suppressing pea aphid in alfalfa.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing reduced aphid populations by 66% to 90% above about one aphid per stem.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- Grazinge0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 66% to 90%e0
- Qualifier
- numbers exceeded ~1 aphid per steme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“Grazing reduced aphid populations by 66% to 90% when numbers exceeded ~1 aphid per stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing did not significantly reduce aphids at one or fewer per stem.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- grazinge0
- Outcome
- Populationse0
- Direction
- not significantly reducede0
- Qualifier
- numbers did not exceed 1 per steme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“Populations were not significantly reduced by grazing when numbers did not exceed 1 per stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Permethrin reduced aphid numbers for up to seven weeks.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Permethrine0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid numberse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- up to 7 wkse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“Permethrin reduced aphid numbers for up to 7 wks”
Claim · model-written summary
Permethrin was more effective than carbofuran against aphids.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Permethrine0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid numberse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- carbofurane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“Permethrin reduced aphid numbers for up to 7 wks and was more effective than carbofuran”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing effects were similar with or without insecticide.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- grazinge0
- Outcome
- Effects of grazinge0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- insecticide usagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“Effects of grazing were similar regardless of insecticide usage”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1993, grazing lowered coccinellid numbers when it reduced aphids.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- grazede0
- Interactor
- Coccinellide0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Coccinellid numberse0
- Direction
- much lowere0
- Qualifier
- when aphid numbers were reduced by grazing in 1993e0
- Comparator
- ungrazed plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“Coccinellid numbers were much lower in grazed than ungrazed plots when aphid numbers were reduced by grazing in 1993”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1994, grazing had little effect on coccinellids when aphid numbers were low.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- grazinge0
- Outcome
- were not greatly affectede0
- Direction
- not greatly affectede0
- Qualifier
- when aphid numbers were lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“were not greatly affected by grazing in 1994 when aphid numbers were low”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinellid numbers followed aphid number trends.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- Coccinellid numberse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“Coccinellid numbers paralleled trends in aphid numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend continuous intensive grazing or an early low rate insecticide followed by grazing to suppress pea aphid.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- pea aphid
-PLoS.jpg?width=60)
Acyrthosiphon pisume0pest - Outcome
- Continuous, intensive grazing or the early application of an insecticide at a low rate followed by grazinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
-PLoS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“Continuous, intensive grazing or the early application of an insecticide at a low rate followed by grazing were effective approaches for suppressing pea aphid in alfalfa”
The same questions in other papers
permethrin · pest · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
grazing · pest · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.