Paper · 2018 · Journal of Ecology

Alien plants can be associated with a decrease in local and regional native richness even when at low abundance

Maud Bernard‐Verdier; Philip E. Hulme

6
claims
11
verbatim quotes
26
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Abstract The impacts of alien plants on native richness are usually assessed at small spatial scales and in locations where the alien is at high abundance. But this raises two questions: to what extent do impacts occur where alien species are at low abundance, and do local impacts translate to effects at the landscape scale? In an analysis of 47 widespread alien plant species occurring across a 1,000 km 2 landscape, we examined the relationship between their local abundance and native plant species richness in 594 grassland plots. We first defined the critical abundance at which these focal alien species were associated with a decline in native α ‐richness (plot‐scale species numbers), and then assessed how this local decline was translated into declines in native species γ ‐richness (landscape‐scale species numbers). After controlling for sampling biases and environmental gradients that might lead to spurious relationships, we found that eight out of 47 focal alien species were associated with a significant decline in native α ‐richness as their local abundance increased. Most of these significant declines started at low to intermediate classes of abundance. For these eight species, declines in native γ ‐richness were, on average, an order of magnitude (32.0 vs. 2.2 species) greater than those found for native α ‐richness, mostly due to spatial homogenization of native communities. The magnitude of the decrease at the landscape scale was best explained by the number of plots where an alien species was found above its critical abundance. Synthesis. Even at low abundance, alien plants may impact native plant richness at both local and landscape scales. Local impacts may result in much greater declines in native richness at larger spatial scales. Quantifying impact at the landscape scale requires consideration of not only the prevalence of an alien plant, but also its critical abundance and its effect on native community homogenization. This suggests that management approaches targeting only those locations dominated by alien plants might not mitigate impacts effectively. Our integrated approach will improve the ranking of alien species risks at a spatial scale appropriate for prioritizing management and designing conservation policies.

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Claims 6

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Eight of 47 alien plant species were associated with a significant decline in native plant richness as their local abundance increased.

Taxon
alien plant speciese0
Treatment
local abundancee0
Outcome
native plant species richnesse0
Direction
declinee1
Setting
grassland plotse0

Verbatim

e0

“In an analysis of 47 widespread alien plant species occurring across a 1,000 km 2 landscape, we examined the relationship between their local abundance and native plant species richness in 594 grassland plots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–535 · show in text ↑
e1

“eight out of 47 focal alien species were associated with a significant decline”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 953–1031 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Most significant declines in native richness started at low to intermediate abundance classes.

Taxon
alien plant speciese0
Outcome
significant declinese2
Qualifier
started at low to intermediate classes of abundancee2

Verbatim

e0

“In an analysis of 47 widespread alien plant species occurring across a 1,000 km 2 landscape, we examined the relationship between their local abundance and native plant species richness in 594 grassland plots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–535 · show in text ↑
e2

“Most of these significant declines started at low to intermediate classes of abundance”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1090–1176 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Declines in native gamma richness were an order of magnitude greater than declines in native alpha richness, 32.0 vs 2.2 species.

Taxon
alien plant speciese0
Outcome
declines in native γ ‐richnesse3
Direction
greatere3
Value
32.0 vs. 2.2 speciese3

Verbatim

e0

“In an analysis of 47 widespread alien plant species occurring across a 1,000 km 2 landscape, we examined the relationship between their local abundance and native plant species richness in 594 grassland plots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–535 · show in text ↑
e3

“declines in native γ ‐richness were, on average, an order of magnitude (32.0 vs. 2.2 species) greater”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1203–1304 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The landscape-scale decline is mostly due to spatial homogenization of native communities.

Taxon
alien plant speciese0
Outcome
declines in native γ ‐richnesse3
Qualifier
spatial homogenization of native communitiese4

Verbatim

e0

“In an analysis of 47 widespread alien plant species occurring across a 1,000 km 2 landscape, we examined the relationship between their local abundance and native plant species richness in 594 grassland plots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–535 · show in text ↑
e3

“declines in native γ ‐richness were, on average, an order of magnitude (32.0 vs. 2.2 species) greater”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1203–1304 · show in text ↑
e4

“mostly due to spatial homogenization of native communities”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1346–1404 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The magnitude of the landscape-scale decrease was best explained by the number of plots where an alien species was above its critical abundance.

Taxon
alien speciese5
Treatment
number of plots where an alien species was found above its critical abundancee5
Outcome
magnitude of the decrease at the landscape scalee5

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e5

“The magnitude of the decrease at the landscape scale was best explained by the number of plots where an alien species was found above its critical abundance”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1406–1562 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Management targeting only locations dominated by alien plants might not mitigate impacts effectively.

Taxon
alien plantse6
Outcome
management approaches targeting only those locations dominated by alien plantse6

Verbatim

e6

“management approaches targeting only those locations dominated by alien plants might not mitigate impacts effectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1988–2105 · show in text ↑