Chitosan derivatives induce local and distal expression of defence-related genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

Abstract

espanolEl quitosano y sus derivados son activadores de respues - tas de proteccion en las plantas. Las caracteristicas fisicas y quimicas, como el peso molecular y el grado de acetilacion, determinan el efecto y la especificidad. Aunque las reaccio - nes enzimaticas y bioquimicas inducidas por el quitosa - no en trigo ( Triticum aestivum ) se conocen, la activacion transcripcional de marcadores de proteccion por derivados del quitosano no se han estudiado. La hipotesis de nuestro estudio fue que las caracteristicas estructurales de los deri - vados del quitosano influirian en los patrones transcripcio - nales de respuesta de proteccion en trigo. El objetivo fue comparar las propiedades inductivas locales y sistemicas del quitosano y los quitooligosacaridos (COS) en plantulas de trigo mediante la expresion de los genes relacionados con la proteccion: quitinasa ( CHI ),  -1-3 glucanasa ( GLU ) y fenilalanina amonio liasa ( PAL ). Soluciones de quitosa - no y COS se caracterizaron por MALDI-TOF y se aplicaron en el sustrato o por aspersion foliar a plantas cultivadas en condiciones controladas. La expresion genica en las hojas de las plantas tratadas se analizo con RT-PCR. Los patrones de expresion se relacionaron con el gen evaluado y el tipo de activador. Los COS indujeron expresion local y distal de CHI y GLU , pero disminuyeron la de PAL . El quitosano incremento la expresion distal de CHI y GLU , y la expre - sion local y distal de PAL. Nuestros resultados mostraron que el quitosano y los COS median diferencialmente las respuestas transcripcionales transitorias de marcadores de proteccion en trigo. EnglishChitosan and its derivatives are elicitors of defence responses in plants. The physical and chemical characteristics, like the molecular weight and acetylation degree determine the type of effect and specificity. Although chitosan-induced biochemical and enzymatic reactions in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) are reported, the transcriptional activation of defensive markers by chitosan derivatives remains unaddressed. The hypothesis of our study was that the different structural features of chitosan derivatives would influence the transcriptional patterns related to protective responses in wheat. The aim of our study was to compare the local and systemic inductive properties of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides (COS) in wheat seedlings through the expression of the defence-related genes chitinase ( CHI ),  -1-3 glucanase ( GLU ) and phenylalanine ammonia- lyase ( PAL ). Chitosan and COS solutions were characterized by MALDI-TOF and applied by soil drench or foliar spray to seedlings grown under controlled conditions. Gene expression levels in the leaves of treated plants were analysed by RT-PCR. Different expression patterns were observed according to the gene evaluated and the type of elicitor. COS induced the local and distal expression of CHI and GLU , but decreased PAL ; while chitosan increased the distal expression of CHI and GLU and the local and distal expression of PAL . Our results showed the capacity of chitosan and COS to differentially mediate transient transcriptional responses of defensive markers in wheat.

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