Abstract
The leaf-webber Spoladea recurvalis F. is the most devastating pest of amaranths in East Africa. Recent collaborative research in Asia and East Africa revealed one highly resistant amaranth accession (VI036227) to the pest and seven moderately resistant ones (RVI00053, VI033479, VI044437-A, VI047555-B, VI048076, VI049698, and VI056563). The solitary koinobiontic endoparasitoid Apanteles hemara Nixon has also been reported as efficient against the pest. Plant resistance to herbivores may have bottom-up effects on their parasitoids. In this study, we assessed the effects of the seven moderately resistant amaranth accessions and one susceptible accession (VI033482) on the performance of A. hemara. Except VI056563 that recorded lower parasitism rates compared to the susceptible accession, A. hemara performed well on all the other moderately resistant accessions. The longevity of the parasitoid was significantly extended on the resistant accessions compared to the susceptible one. While the parasitoid's body size, developmental time, and survival differed significantly between resistant accessions, they were similar to results obtained on the susceptible accession. Furthermore, while the parasitoid's sex ratio was male-biased in the susceptible accession, balanced sex ratios were obtained from accessions RVI00053, VI033479, VI044437-A, VI047555-B, VI048076, and VI049698. Significant nonreproductive host larval mortality was induced by A. hemara on all the tested accessions. These results suggest that the moderately resistant accessions can be used in combination with the endoparasitoid A. hemara to manage S. recurvalis and other amaranth leaf-webbers in the context of integrated pest management.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
VI056563 had lower parasitoid parasitism than the susceptible accession.
- Taxon
- amaranth
.JPG?width=60)
Amaranthus caudatust0 - Material
- VI056563e0
- Interactor
- A. hemaraApanteles hemarae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitism ratese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- susceptible accessione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Except VI056563 that recorded lower parasitism rates compared to the susceptible accession, A. hemara performed well on all the other moderately resistant accessions.”
t0“Pest-Resistant Amaranth Accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
A. hemara performed well on the other moderately resistant amaranth accessions.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Material
- moderately resistant accessionse0
- Interactor
- A. hemaraApanteles hemarae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- performed welle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. hemara performed well on all the other moderately resistant accessions.”
t0“Pest-Resistant Amaranth Accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant accessions significantly extended parasitoid longevity versus the susceptible accession.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Material
- resistant accessionse0
- Interactor
- Apanteles hemaraApanteles hemarat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- longevity of the parasitoide0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Comparator
- susceptible onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The longevity of the parasitoid was significantly extended on the resistant accessions compared to the susceptible one.”
t0“Amaranth Accessions on the Performance of the Solitary EndoparasitoidApanteles hemara”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoid body size, development time and survival differed among resistant accessions but resembled the susceptible accession.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Material
- resistant accessionse0
- Interactor
- Apanteles hemaraApanteles hemarat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- body size, developmental time, and survivale0
- Direction
- differede0
- Comparator
- susceptible accessione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the parasitoid's body size, developmental time, and survival differed significantly between resistant accessions, they were similar to results obtained on the susceptible accession.”
t0“Amaranth Accessions on the Performance of the Solitary EndoparasitoidApanteles hemara”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoid sex ratio was male-biased on the susceptible accession.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Material
- susceptible accessione0
- Interactor
- Apanteles hemaraApanteles hemarat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- sex ratio was male-biasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the parasitoid's sex ratio was male-biased in the susceptible accession”
t0“Amaranth Accessions on the Performance of the Solitary EndoparasitoidApanteles hemara”
Claim · model-written summary
Six moderately resistant accessions produced balanced parasitoid sex ratios.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Material
- accessions RVI00053, VI033479, VI044437-A, VI047555-B, VI048076, and VI049698e0
- Interactor
- Apanteles hemaraApanteles hemarat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- balanced sex ratiose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“balanced sex ratios were obtained from accessions RVI00053, VI033479, VI044437-A, VI047555-B, VI048076, and VI049698.”
t0“Amaranth Accessions on the Performance of the Solitary EndoparasitoidApanteles hemara”
Claim · model-written summary
A. hemara induced significant nonreproductive host larval mortality across all tested accessions.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Material
- tested accessionse0
- Interactor
- A. hemaraApanteles hemarae0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Spoladea recurvalis
.jpg?width=60)
Spoladea recurvalist0pest - Outcome
- nonreproductive host larval mortalitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Significant nonreproductive host larval mortality was induced by A. hemara on all the tested accessions.”
t0“Amaranth Leaf-WebberSpoladea recurvalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest combining moderately resistant accessions with A. hemara to manage S. recurvalis and other amaranth leaf-webbers.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatust0
- Material
- moderately resistant accessionse0
- Interactor
- S. recurvalisSpoladea recurvalise0pest
- Second interactor
- A. hemaraApanteles hemarae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- manage S. recurvalis and other amaranth leaf-webberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the moderately resistant accessions can be used in combination with the endoparasitoid A. hemara to manage S. recurvalis and other amaranth leaf-webbers”
t0“Pest-Resistant Amaranth Accessions”