Abstract
Background: Aspergillus species not only cause damage to the color of pistachio fruit but also reduce the value of this productsince they produce toxic secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and fumonisin.Materials and methods: In order to identify Aspergillus species associated with pistachio, 300 samples of fresh fruits, driedfruits, leaves, and fresh old wastages were collected from the main pistachio production area of Iran (in Kerman, Yazd, Semnan,and Ghazvin provinces). Fungal isolation was performed using single conidial: 220 isolates were identified based tomorphological charachteristics. 22 species belonged to four subgenus and eight sections were identified according tomorphological characteristics. The OTA-producing ability of the Aspergillus section Circumdati isolates was determined by thethin layer chromatography (TLC) method.Results: The results showed that Aspegillus tubingensis was the most prevalent species in pistachio orchards. Most isolatesof A. ochraceous and A. melleus are OTA producer in vitro, but isolates of A. nakazawae and A. muricatus were not able toproduce OTA.Conclusion: higher incidence of A. tubingensis as a not-dangerous mycotoxins producer species can ecologically lead tocompetition between this species and mycotoxigenic aspergillii and cause a decrease in mycotoxins contamination of pistachionut.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Aspegillus tubingensis was the most prevalent species in pistachio orchards.
- Taxon
- pistachio
Pistacia verae1 - Interactor
- Aspegillus tubingensise1other
- Outcome
- most prevalent speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that Aspegillus tubingensis was the most prevalent species in pistachio orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Most isolates of A. ochraceous and A. melleus produced OTA in vitro.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Interactor
- A. ochraceouse2other
- Second interactor
- A. melleusAspergillus melleuse2other
- Outcome
- OTA producere2
- Qualifier
- in vitroe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Most isolatesof A. ochraceous and A. melleus are OTA producer in vitro”
t0“main pistachio orchards of Iran”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates of A. nakazawae and A. muricatus were not able to produce OTA.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verat0
- Interactor
- A. nakazawae
Aspergillus nakazawaee3other - Second interactor
- A. muricatus
Aspergillus muricatuse3other - Outcome
- not able toproduce OTAe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“but isolates of A. nakazawae and A. muricatus were not able toproduce OTA”
t0“main pistachio orchards of Iran”
Claim · model-written summary
Competition between A. tubingensis and mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species may ecologically lead to a decrease in mycotoxin contamination of pistachio nut.
- Taxon
- pistachioPistacia verae4
- Interactor
- A. tubingensis
Aspergillus tubingensise4other - Outcome
- decrease in mycotoxins contaminatione4
- Qualifier
- competition between this species and mycotoxigenic aspergilliie4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“higher incidence of A. tubingensis as a not-dangerous mycotoxins producer species can ecologically lead tocompetition between this species and mycotoxigenic aspergillii and cause a decrease in mycotoxins contamination of pistachionut”