Abstract
BACKGROUND: Application of plant mulches plays a significant role in development and expansion of sustainable farming systems. OBJECTIVES: Assessment effect of chemical and non-chemical weeds management methods on weeds density and biomass and the properties of soil, including microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in potato cultivation. METHODS: Research was conducted in 2015 in two agricultural research stations of Alarogh and Samian in Ardabil city according randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included: 1) Trifluralin herbicide (TR), 2) Metribuzin herbicide (ME), 3) cultivator practice (CU), 4) wheat straw mulch (WH), 5) canola straw mulch (CA), 6) black plastic mulch (BPL), 7) transparent plastic mulch (TPL), 8) weed infested (WI), and 9) weed free (WF). Soil sampling was conducted at three stages. The first stage included control index sampling (CIS). The second and third soil sampling performed at 25 and 45 day after the treatment application. RESULT: All treatments were affected by weed management methods (P≤ 0.01). The lowest density of weeds was related to the WH. Most weeds density was counted as 99.1 plants.m-2 of WI treatment. The WH deceased weeds density as 84% compared to weed infested. CA treatment deceased weeds density as 79% compared to WI treatment. Though, weed biomass in the treatments of transparent and BPL compared to the WI treatment had the highest weeds biomass as 48 and 40%, respectively. The lowest weed biomass was observed in CA and WH by 16 and 18% after the WI. CONCLUSION: The highest rate of MBC observed in WH and CA treatments at the second and the third soil sampling stages, respectively, compared with other experimental treatments. WH and CA increased the rate of MBC in the second and the third sampling stages in comparison with CIS. The highest SOC was observed in WH and CA at the second and the third soil sampling stages.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw mulch gave the lowest weed density.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- WHe0
- Outcome
- density of weedse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest density of weeds was related to the WH.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed infestation produced the highest weed density at 99.1 plants.m-2.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- WI treatmente0
- Outcome
- weeds densitye0
- Direction
- Moste0
- Value
- 99.1 plants.m-2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most weeds density was counted as 99.1 plants.m-2 of WI treatment.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
WH reduced weed density by 84%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- WHe0
- Outcome
- weeds densitye0
- Direction
- deceasede0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Comparator
- weed infestede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The WH deceased weeds density as 84% compared to weed infested.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
CA treatment reduced weed density by 79%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- CA treatmente0
- Outcome
- weeds densitye0
- Direction
- deceasede0
- Value
- 79%e0
- Comparator
- WI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA treatment deceased weeds density as 79% compared to WI treatment.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Transparent plastic mulch had weed biomass 48% relative to weed infestation.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- transparente0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 48e0
- Comparator
- WI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed biomass in the treatments of transparent and BPL compared to the WI treatment had the highest weeds biomass as 48 and 40%, respectively.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Black plastic mulch had weed biomass 40% relative to weed infestation.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BPLe0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- WI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed biomass in the treatments of transparent and BPL compared to the WI treatment had the highest weeds biomass as 48 and 40%, respectively.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
CA had among the lowest weed biomass, at 16 after weed infestation.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 16e0
- Comparator
- WIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest weed biomass was observed in CA and WH by 16 and 18% after the WI.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
WH had among the lowest weed biomass, at 18% after weed infestation.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- WHe0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- WIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest weed biomass was observed in CA and WH by 16 and 18% after the WI.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
WH yielded the highest microbial biomass carbon at the second sampling stage.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- WHe0
- Outcome
- MBCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- seconde0
- Comparator
- other experimental treatmentse0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest rate of MBC observed in WH and CA treatments at the second and the third soil sampling stages, respectively, compared with other experimental treatments.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
CA yielded the highest microbial biomass carbon at the third sampling stage.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- MBCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- thirde0
- Comparator
- other experimental treatmentse0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest rate of MBC observed in WH and CA treatments at the second and the third soil sampling stages, respectively, compared with other experimental treatments.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
WH increased microbial biomass carbon versus initial control sampling at the second stage.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- WHe0
- Outcome
- MBCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- seconde0
- Comparator
- CISe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WH and CA increased the rate of MBC in the second and the third sampling stages in comparison with CIS.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased microbial biomass carbon versus initial control sampling at the third stage.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- MBCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- thirde0
- Comparator
- CISe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WH and CA increased the rate of MBC in the second and the third sampling stages in comparison with CIS.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
WH yielded the highest soil organic carbon at the second sampling stage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest SOC was observed in WH and CA at the second and the third soil sampling stages.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
CA yielded the highest soil organic carbon at the third sampling stage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest SOC was observed in WH and CA at the second and the third soil sampling stages.”
t0“Potato”
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