Abstract
In 1976, a virus with flexuous, filamentous virions typical of the family Potyviridae was isolated from symptomatic pepino (Solanum muricatum) plants growing in two valleys in Peru’s coastal desert region. In 2014, a virus with similar-shaped virions was isolated from asymptomatic fruits obtained from pepino plants growing in six coastal valleys and a valley in Peru’s Andean highlands. Both were identified subsequently as Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) by serology or high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The symptoms caused by two old and seven new isolates from pepino were examined in indicator plants. Infected solanaceous hosts varied considerably in their sensitivities to infection and individual isolates varied greatly in virulence. All seven new isolates caused quick death of infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and more than half of them killed infected plants of Physalis floridana and S. chancayense. These three species were the most sensitive to infection. The most virulent isolate was found to be BA because it killed five of eight solanaceous host species whereas CA was the least severe because it only killed N. benthamiana. Using HTS, complete genomic sequences of six isolates were obtained, with one isolate (FE) showing evidence of recombination. The distances between individual WPMV isolates in phylogenetic trees and the geographical distances between their collection sites were found to be unrelated. The individual WPMV isolates displayed nucleotide sequence identities of 80.9–99.8%, whereas the most closely related virus, Potato virus V (PVV), was around 75% identical to WPMV. WPMV, PVV, and Peru tomato virus formed clusters of similar phylogenetic diversity, and were found to be distinct but related viruses within the overall Potato virus Y lineage. WPMV infection seems widespread and of likely economic significance to pepino producers in Peru’s coastal valleys. Because it constitutes the fifth virus found infecting pepino and this crop is entirely vegetatively propagated, development of healthy pepino stock programs is advocated.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Older and newer pepino isolates were identified as WPMV.
- Taxon
- Pepino
Solanum muricatumt0 - Interactor
- Wild potato mosaic virusWild potato mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- identified subsequently as Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both were identified subsequently as Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) by serology or high-throughput sequencing (HTS).”
t0“Pepino (Solanum muricatum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected solanaceous hosts varied in sensitivity and WPMV isolates varied in virulence.
Verbatim
e0“Infected solanaceous hosts varied considerably in their sensitivities to infection and individual isolates varied greatly in virulence.”
Claim · model-written summary
All seven new isolates quickly killed infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Outcome
- quick deathe0
- Value
- seven new isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All seven new isolates caused quick death of infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half of the new isolates killed Physalis floridana plants.
- Taxon
- Physalis floridana
Physalis pubescense0 - Outcome
- killed infected plantse0
- Value
- more than halfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than half of them killed infected plants of Physalis floridana and S. chancayense.”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half of the new isolates killed S. chancayense plants.
- Taxon
- S. chancayenseSolanum chancayensee0
- Outcome
- killed infected plantse0
- Value
- more than halfe0
Verbatim
e0“more than half of them killed infected plants of Physalis floridana and S. chancayense.”
Claim · model-written summary
N. benthamiana, P. floridana and S. chancayense were most sensitive to infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Outcome
- most sensitive to infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These three species were the most sensitive to infection.”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana plants and more than half of them killed infected plants of Physalis floridana and S. chancayense.”
Claim · model-written summary
BA was most virulent, killing five of eight solanaceous host species.
Verbatim
e0“The most virulent isolate was found to be BA because it killed five of eight solanaceous host species”
Claim · model-written summary
CA was least severe, killing only N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Material
- CAe0
- Outcome
- only killed N. benthamianae0
- Direction
- least severee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA was the least severe because it only killed N. benthamiana.”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete genomic sequences were obtained for six isolates.
- Taxon
- PepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Outcome
- complete genomic sequencese0
- Value
- six isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“complete genomic sequences of six isolates were obtained”
t0“Pepino (Solanum muricatum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate FE showed evidence of recombination.
- Taxon
- PepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Material
- FEe0
- Outcome
- evidence of recombinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one isolate (FE) showing evidence of recombination.”
t0“Pepino (Solanum muricatum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic and geographic distances among WPMV isolates were unrelated.
- Taxon
- PepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Outcome
- distances between individual WPMV isolates in phylogenetic treese0
- Setting
- geographical distances between their collection sitese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The distances between individual WPMV isolates in phylogenetic trees and the geographical distances between their collection sites were found to be unrelated.”
t0“Pepino (Solanum muricatum)”
Claim · model-written summary
WPMV isolates had nucleotide sequence identities of 80.9–99.8%.
- Taxon
- PepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequence identitiese0
- Value
- 80.9–99.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The individual WPMV isolates displayed nucleotide sequence identities of 80.9–99.8%”
t0“Pepino (Solanum muricatum)”
Claim · model-written summary
PVV was around 75% identical to WPMV.
- Taxon
- PepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Outcome
- identical to WPMVe0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Comparator
- Potato virus Ve0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato virus V (PVV), was around 75% identical to WPMV.”
t0“Pepino (Solanum muricatum)”
Claim · model-written summary
WPMV, PVV and Peru tomato virus formed similar diversity clusters and were distinct related Potato virus Y lineage members.
- Taxon
- PepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Outcome
- clusters of similar phylogenetic diversitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WPMV, PVV, and Peru tomato virus formed clusters of similar phylogenetic diversity, and were found to be distinct but related viruses within the overall Potato virus Y lineage.”
t0“Pepino (Solanum muricatum)”
Claim · model-written summary
WPMV infection appears widespread and economically important to coastal Peru pepino producers.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatume0
- Interactor
- WPMVWild potato mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- WPMV infection seems widespread and of likely economic significancee0
- Setting
- Peru’s coastal valleyse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WPMV infection seems widespread and of likely economic significance to pepino producers in Peru’s coastal valleys.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advocate healthy pepino stock programs.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatume0
- Outcome
- development of healthy pepino stock programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“development of healthy pepino stock programs is advocated.”