Abstract
To understand the contribution of wild Solanum species to the epidemiology of potato late blight in Sweden, we characterized the resistance of the three putative alternative hosts: S. physalifolium, S. nigrum, and S. dulcamara to Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. The pathogen sporulated in all 10 investigated S. physalifolium genotypes, suggesting susceptibility (S phenotype). Field-grown S. physalifolium was naturally infected but could regrow, though highly infected genotypes were smaller at the end of the season. In 75 S. nigrum genotypes, there were no symptoms (R phenotype) or a lesion restricted to the point of inoculation (RN phenotype), indicating resistance. In 164 S. dulcamara genotypes, most resistance variability was found within sibling groups. In addition to the three resistance phenotypes (R, RN, and S), in S. dulcamara a fourth new resistance phenotype (SL) was identified with lesions larger than the point of inoculation but without visible sporulation of the pathogen. Quantitative PCR confirmed P. infestans growth difference in RN, SL, and S phenotypes. Thus, in Sweden S. physalifolium is susceptible and could be a player in epidemiology. A limited role of S. dulcamara leaves in the epidemiology of late blight was suggested, since no major symptoms have been found in the field.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen sporulated in all ten S. physalifolium genotypes, suggesting susceptibility.
- Taxon
- S. physalifolium
Solanum physalifoliume0 - Material
- S. physalifolium genotypese0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse1pathogen - Outcome
- The pathogen sporulatede0
- Value
- all 10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogen sporulated in all 10 investigated S. physalifolium genotypes, suggesting susceptibility (S phenotype).”
e1“Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Field-grown S. physalifolium was naturally infected but could regrow.
- Taxon
- S. physalifoliumSolanum physalifoliume0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- naturally infected but could regrowe0
- Setting
- Field-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-grown S. physalifolium was naturally infected but could regrow, though highly infected genotypes were smaller at the end of the season.”
e1“Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Highly infected S. physalifolium genotypes were smaller at season end.
- Taxon
- S. physalifoliumSolanum physalifoliume1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Outcome
- genotypes were smallere0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Qualifier
- at the end of the seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highly infected genotypes were smaller at the end of the season”
e1“Field-grown S. physalifolium”
e2“Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight”
Claim · model-written summary
S. nigrum genotypes had no symptoms or only point-limited lesions, indicating resistance.
- Taxon
- S. nigrum
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- no symptoms (R phenotype) or a lesion restricted to the point of inoculation (RN phenotype)e0
- Value
- 75e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In 75 S. nigrum genotypes, there were no symptoms (R phenotype) or a lesion restricted to the point of inoculation (RN phenotype), indicating resistance.”
e1“Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Most resistance variability in S. dulcamara occurred within sibling groups.
- Taxon
- S. dulcamara
Solanum dulcamarae0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance variabilitye0
- Value
- 164e0
- Qualifier
- within sibling groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 164 S. dulcamara genotypes, most resistance variability was found within sibling groups.”
e1“Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight”
Claim · model-written summary
A new SL resistance phenotype in S. dulcamara had enlarged lesions without visible pathogen sporulation.
- Taxon
- S. dulcamaraSolanum dulcamarae0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- fourth new resistance phenotype (SL)e0
- Qualifier
- lesions larger than the point of inoculation but without visible sporulation of the pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in S. dulcamara a fourth new resistance phenotype (SL) was identified with lesions larger than the point of inoculation but without visible sporulation of the pathogen.”
e1“Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Quantitative PCR confirmed differences in pathogen growth among RN, SL, and S phenotypes.
- Taxon
- S. dulcamaraSolanum dulcamarae1
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- P. infestans growth differencee0
- Comparator
- RN, SL, and S phenotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quantitative PCR confirmed P. infestans growth difference in RN, SL, and S phenotypes.”
e1“In 164 S. dulcamara genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
S. physalifolium was considered susceptible and a possible epidemiological contributor in Sweden.
- Taxon
- S. physalifoliumSolanum physalifoliume0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptible and could be a player in epidemiologye0
- Setting
- Swedene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, in Sweden S. physalifolium is susceptible and could be a player in epidemiology.”
e1“Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight”
Claim · model-written summary
S. dulcamara leaves were suggested to have limited epidemiological importance because major field symptoms were absent.
- Taxon
- S. dulcamaraSolanum dulcamarae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- no major symptoms have been founde0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A limited role of S. dulcamara leaves in the epidemiology of late blight was suggested, since no major symptoms have been found in the field.”
e1“Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight”