Abstract
An in-depth knowledge of the richness, diversity and species composition of plant community is vital for providing information for planning and sustainable utilization. This study assesses the diversity of tree species of Ikogosi warm spring and Arinta waterfall watersheds in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Direct observation and vegetation assessment were used for data collection in two hectares (ha) of land divided into four plots of 50 m by 50 m in each of the two study sites (Ikogosi warm spring and Arinta waterfall). Two plots were diagonally selected within each hectare. All living trees of basal diameter ≥10 cm were identified and classified into families. Shannon-Weiner diversity index, species evenness, relative density (RD), relative dominance (RD0) and importance value index (IVI) were used to assess and compare tree species diversity and abundance. Sorenson’s coefficient was used to compare sites for overlapping of similarity. The results revealed that seventy eight (78) species and 25 families were recorded in both watersheds with family Malvaceae having the highest species density (15). Malacantha alnifolia (5) and Voacanga africana (5) were the species most frequently encountered. Species diversity indices revealed vegetation with very high tree species diversity and abundance in the two study sites. Species evenness value revealed even distribution in Arinta waterfall than in Ikogosi warm spring. Diameter and height distribution of trees at the two watersheds indicates a forest structure that is immature and still expanding. Anthocleista vogelii, has the highest value of RD0 (15.63) and IVI (10.6) respectively. The study revealed that some species such as Anthonotha macrophylla, Aningeria robusta, Bridelia atroviridis, among others are threatened and endangered. Consequently, it was recommended that management strategies should be put in place to improve status of the watersheds while conservation efforts should be stepped up for species with rarity index value to prevent them from going into extinction.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Both watersheds contained 78 tree species and 25 families.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that seventy eight (78) species and 25 families were recorded in both watersheds with family Malvaceae having the highest species density (15).”
t0“Tree Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Malvaceae had the highest species density, 15.
Verbatim
e0“family Malvaceae having the highest species density (15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malacantha alnifolia was among the most frequently encountered species, with five occurrences.
- Taxon
- Malacantha alnifoliaMalacantha alnifoliae0
- Outcome
- most frequently encounterede0
- Direction
- moste0
- Value
- 5e0
Verbatim
e0“Malacantha alnifolia (5) and Voacanga africana (5) were the species most frequently encountered.”
Claim · model-written summary
Voacanga africana was among the most frequently encountered species, with five occurrences.
- Taxon
- Voacanga africana
Voacanga africanae0 - Outcome
- most frequently encounterede0
- Direction
- moste0
- Value
- 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malacantha alnifolia (5) and Voacanga africana (5) were the species most frequently encountered.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both sites had very high tree species diversity and abundance.
Verbatim
e0“Species diversity indices revealed vegetation with very high tree species diversity and abundance in the two study sites.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees were more evenly distributed in Arinta waterfall than Ikogosi warm spring.
Verbatim
e0“Species evenness value revealed even distribution in Arinta waterfall than in Ikogosi warm spring.”
t0“Tree Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree diameter and height distributions indicated an immature, expanding forest structure.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Diameter and height distribution of trees at the two watersheds indicates a forest structure that is immature and still expanding.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocleista vogelii had the highest relative dominance, 15.63.
- Taxon
- Anthocleista vogeliiAnthocleista vogeliie0
- Outcome
- RD0e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 15.63e0
Verbatim
e0“Anthocleista vogelii, has the highest value of RD0 (15.63) and IVI (10.6) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocleista vogelii had the highest importance value index, 10.6.
- Taxon
- Anthocleista vogeliiAnthocleista vogeliie0
- Outcome
- IVIe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.6e0
Verbatim
e0“Anthocleista vogelii, has the highest value of RD0 (15.63) and IVI (10.6) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthonotha macrophylla was identified as threatened and endangered.
- Taxon
- Anthonotha macrophyllaAnthonotha macrophyllae0
- Outcome
- threatened and endangerede0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The study revealed that some species such as Anthonotha macrophylla, Aningeria robusta, Bridelia atroviridis, among others are threatened and endangered.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aningeria robusta was identified as threatened and endangered.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The study revealed that some species such as Anthonotha macrophylla, Aningeria robusta, Bridelia atroviridis, among others are threatened and endangered.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bridelia atroviridis was identified as threatened and endangered.
- Taxon
- Bridelia atroviridisBridelia atroviridise0
- Outcome
- threatened and endangerede0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The study revealed that some species such as Anthonotha macrophylla, Aningeria robusta, Bridelia atroviridis, among others are threatened and endangered.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended watershed management and stronger conservation of rare species to prevent extinction.
Verbatim
e0“Consequently, it was recommended that management strategies should be put in place to improve status of the watersheds while conservation efforts should be stepped up for species with rarity index value to prevent them from going into extinction.”
t0“Tree Species”