Abstract
Abstract Pyrularia is a small parasitic genus of the Santalales with two to five species exhibiting a well‐known classical intercontinental disjunct distribution between eastern Asia (EA) and eastern North America (ENA). Pyrularia and another santalaceous genus Buckleya represent the only two parasitic plant lineages with the EA–ENA disjunction. The present study was carried out to assess the species number and molecular and morphological differentiation in Pyrularia , and to reconstruct the biogeography of the Pyrularia clade ( Pyrularia and its close allies) using dating and biogeographic inferences. A phylogenetic analysis based on two nuclear and seven plastid markers strongly supported the monophyly of Pyrularia and revealed two highly distinct subclades corresponding to EA and ENA within the genus. Incongruent topologies within the eastern Asian lineage were found between the nuclear and the plastid datasets, which may be attributed to incomplete lineage sorting. Morphometric and phylogenetic analyses suggest that Pyrularia in eastern Asia may best be treated as a single species, P. edulis . Molecular dating based on four markers suggested that the divergence time between the intercontinental species was in the late Miocene at 5.58 Ma (95% HPD: 2.08–11.72 Ma), which was close to the split of the trans‐Pacific clades within the other parasitic EA–ENA disjunct genus Buckleya . The EA–ENA disjunction in the only two parasitic genera may have resulted from the fragmentation of the mesophytic temperate forests in the late Miocene. The Pyrularia clade (including the close allies of Pyrularia ) was inferred to have originated in Africa, then dispersed to Asia, and subsequently to North America via the Bering land bridge, resulting in the current intercontinental EA–ENA distribution of Pyrularia .
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrularia was strongly supported as monophyletic.
- Outcome
- monophyly of Pyrulariae0
PyrulariaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A phylogenetic analysis based on two nuclear and seven plastid markers strongly supported the monophyly of Pyrularia and revealed two highly distinct subclades corresponding to EA and ENA within the genus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrularia had distinct eastern Asian and eastern North American subclades.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“revealed two highly distinct subclades corresponding to EA and ENA within the genus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuclear and plastid trees were incongruent within the eastern Asian Pyrularia lineage.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Incongruent topologies within the eastern Asian lineage were found between the nuclear and the plastid datasets, which may be attributed to incomplete lineage sorting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eastern Asian Pyrularia was inferred to comprise one species, P. edulis.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphometric and phylogenetic analyses suggest that Pyrularia in eastern Asia may best be treated as a single species, P. edulis .”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercontinental Pyrularia species diverged in the late Miocene, estimated at 5.58 Ma.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“divergence time between the intercontinental species was in the late Miocene at 5.58 Ma (95% HPD: 2.08–11.72 Ma)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Pyrularia clade was inferred to originate in Africa and disperse through Asia to North America.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Pyrularia clade (including the close allies of Pyrularia ) was inferred to have originated in Africa, then dispersed to Asia, and subsequently to North America via the Bering land bridge”