Abstract
Core Ideas Soybean seed yield response to plant density is dependent on yield environment. Low yield environments required higher plant densities than high yield environments. Plant density mainly affected per‐plant seed number. No differences in plant survival were observed among yield environments. Inconsistent soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield response to plant density has been previously reported. Moreover, recent economic and productive circumstances have caused interest in within‐field variation of the agronomic optimal plant density (AOPD) for soybean. Thus, the objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the AOPD by yield environments (YE) and (ii) study variations in yield components (seed number and weight) related to the changes in seed yield response to plant density for soybean in North America. During 2013 and 2014, a total of 78 yield‐to‐plant density responses were evaluated in different regions of the United States and Canada. A soybean database evaluating multiple seeding rates ranging from 170,000 to 670,000 seeds ha −1 was collected, including final number of plants, seed yield, and its components (seed number and weight). The data was classified in YEs: low (LYE, <4 Mg ha −1 ), medium (MYE, 4–4.3 Mg ha −1 ), and high (HYE, >4.3 Mg ha −1 ). The main outcomes were: (i) AOPD increased by 24% from HYE to LYE, (ii) per‐plant yield increased due to a decrease in plant density: HYE > MYE > LYE, and (iii) per‐plant yield was mainly driven by seed number across plant densities within a YE, but both yield components influenced per‐plant yield across YEs. This study presents the first attempt to investigate the seed yield‐to‐plant density relationship via the understanding of plant establishment and yield components and by exploring the influence of weather variables defining soybean YEs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed yield response to plant density depended on yield environment.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- seed yield response to plant densitye0
- Setting
- yield environmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean seed yield response to plant density is dependent on yield environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low yield environments required higher plant density than high yield environments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- plant densitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- high yield environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low yield environments required higher plant densities than high yield environments”
e1“Soybean seed yield response to plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant density mainly affected per-plant seed number.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Plant densitye0
- Outcome
- per‐plant seed numbere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant density mainly affected per‐plant seed number”
e1“Soybean seed yield response to plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant survival did not differ among yield environments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- plant survivale0
- Direction
- No differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in plant survival were observed among yield environments”
e1“Soybean seed yield response to plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic optimal plant density rose by 24% from high to low yield environments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AOPD increased by 24% from HYE to LYE”
e1“A soybean database”
Claim · model-written summary
Per-plant yield increased as plant density decreased, with high environments above medium above low.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- plant densitye0
- Outcome
- per‐plant yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“per‐plant yield increased due to a decrease in plant density: HYE > MYE > LYE”
e1“A soybean database”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed number mainly drove per-plant yield across densities within a yield environment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- per‐plant yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“per‐plant yield was mainly driven by seed number across plant densities within a YE”
e1“A soybean database”
Claim · model-written summary
Both seed number and weight influenced per-plant yield across yield environments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- seed number and weighte1
- Outcome
- per‐plant yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both yield components influenced per‐plant yield across YEs”
e1“yield components (seed number and weight)”
e2“A soybean database”