Abstract
Weed infestation is one of the major causes of low maize grain yield in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The perennial grass weed, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA. A pre-formulated post-emergence herbicide mixture (50 g a.i. topramezone litre −1 + 160 g a.i. dicamba litre −1 ), sold under the trade name Stellar-Star ® , was evaluated for C. dactylon and general weed control in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 season. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments replicated thrice, namely; weedy control, hoe weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after crop emergence (WACE), a label recommended dose of Stellar-Star at 3 WACE, a reduced Stellar-Star dose (75% of label dose) at 3 WACE, a double dose of Stellar-Star split applied at 3 and 6 WACE and a tank mix of label doses of Stellar-Star + Atrazine applied at 3 WACE. The Stellar-Star herbicide treatments did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect C. dactylon density at 5 WACE but significantly reduced (P < 0.001) its density at 10 WACE. The Stellar-Star herbicide treatments significantly reduced (P < 0.001) weed biomass compared to the weedy-check at 5 and 10 WACE in both seasons. The Stellar-Star double dose split application and the Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix were most effective in controlling C.dactylon (90–97% control) followed by the Stellar-Star label dose and Stellar-Star reduced dose (75%–88% control), however, the results of this study suggest that the Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix provided the most effective early season and overall weed control and resulted in the highest yield, rainfall use efficiency (RUE) and gross margin and is recommended.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Stellar-Star herbicide treatments did not significantly affect Cynodon dactylon density at 5 weeks after crop emergence.
- Treatment
- Stellar-Star herbicide treatmentse1
- Interactor
- C. dactylon
Cynodon dactylone1weed - Outcome
- C. dactylon densitye1
- Direction
- did not significantlye1
- Qualifier
- at 5 WACEe1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e1“The Stellar-Star herbicide treatments did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect C. dactylon density at 5 WACE but significantly reduced (P < 0.001) its density at 10 WACE”
Claim · model-written summary
Stellar-Star herbicide treatments significantly reduced Cynodon dactylon density at 10 weeks after crop emergence.
- Treatment
- Stellar-Star herbicide treatmentse1
- Interactor
- C. dactylonCynodon dactylone1weed
- Outcome
- C. dactylon densitye1
- Direction
- significantly reducede1
- Qualifier
- at 10 WACEe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e1“The Stellar-Star herbicide treatments did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect C. dactylon density at 5 WACE but significantly reduced (P < 0.001) its density at 10 WACE”
Claim · model-written summary
Stellar-Star herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed biomass compared with the weedy check at 5 and 10 weeks after emergence.
- Treatment
- Stellar-Star herbicide treatmentse2
- Outcome
- weed biomasse2
- Direction
- significantly reducede2
- Qualifier
- at 5 and 10 WACE in both seasonse2
- Comparator
- weedy-checke2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e2“The Stellar-Star herbicide treatments significantly reduced (P < 0.001) weed biomass compared to the weedy-check at 5 and 10 WACE in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The Stellar-Star double dose split application controlled Cynodon dactylon 90–97% and was most effective.
- Treatment
- Stellar-Star double dose split applicatione3
- Interactor
- C.dactylonCynodon dactylone3weed
- Outcome
- controlling C.dactylone3
- Direction
- most effectivee3
- Value
- 90–97% controle3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e3“The Stellar-Star double dose split application and the Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix were most effective in controlling C.dactylon (90–97% control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix controlled Cynodon dactylon 90–97% and was most effective.
- Treatment
- Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mixe3
- Interactor
- C.dactylonCynodon dactylone3weed
- Outcome
- controlling C.dactylone3
- Direction
- most effectivee3
- Value
- 90–97% controle3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e3“The Stellar-Star double dose split application and the Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix were most effective in controlling C.dactylon (90–97% control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Stellar-Star label dose controlled Cynodon dactylon 75–88%, following the most effective treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e4“followed by the Stellar-Star label dose and Stellar-Star reduced dose (75%–88% control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Stellar-Star reduced dose (75% of label) controlled Cynodon dactylon 75–88%, following the most effective treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e4“followed by the Stellar-Star label dose and Stellar-Star reduced dose (75%–88% control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix provided the most effective early season and overall weed control.
- Treatment
- Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mixe5
- Outcome
- early season and overall weed controle5
- Direction
- most effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e5“the Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix provided the most effective early season and overall weed control and resulted in the highest yield, rainfall use efficiency (RUE) and gross margin and is recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
The Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix resulted in the highest yield, rainfall use efficiency and gross margin in maize.
- Treatment
- Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mixe5
- Outcome
- yield, rainfall use efficiency (RUE) and gross margine5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e5“the Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix provided the most effective early season and overall weed control and resulted in the highest yield, rainfall use efficiency (RUE) and gross margin and is recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
The Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix is recommended for maize weed control.
- Outcome
- Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mixe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., is one of the most problematic weeds in maize in SSA”
e5“the Stellar-Star Atrazine tank mix provided the most effective early season and overall weed control and resulted in the highest yield, rainfall use efficiency (RUE) and gross margin and is recommended”
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