Abstract
Since January 2019, greenhouse tomato plants growing in Demre near Antalya in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were observed to have leaves with chlorotic mosaic, mottling, rugosity and occasional narrowing (Fig. 1). Necrotic spots were observed on the peduncle, calyces and petioles and the fruit was rough with chlorotic and necrotic patches (Fig. 2). These symptoms resemble those caused by several different tomato viruses. Twenty-seven diseased tomato samples were collected from two greenhouses (of which approximately 20% of the total area of 0.7 ha was diseased) and tested by RT-PCR for the presence of Pepino mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus. Since the results of these assays were all negative a generic primer set (F-3666/R-4718) was used to detect tomato-infecting tobamoviruses by RT-PCR (Luria et al., 2) and this resulted in the generation of a 1052 bp amplicon which was sequenced directly (GenBank Accession No. MK888980). BLAST analysis of the sequence of the amplicon revealed 98.0-98.9% sequence identity to isolates of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Germany, Israel and Jordan (KT383474, KT383474, KX619418 and MK273189). Ten plants of a commercial tomato variety, Bandita F1 (Seminis, Turkey) containing the Tm-22 resistance gene were mechanically inoculated with extracts from diseased tomato leaves. All plants developed systemic mosaic symptoms (Fig. 3) and tested positive for ToBRFV using the tobamovirus-specific primers described above. Amplicons were sequenced to confirm their identity as ToBRFV. The inoculated plants tested negative using RT-PCR with primers specific for ToMV and TMV (Kumar et al., 1). The production of winter-grown tomatoes is important to the economy of Turkey, and Antalya is the main centre of off-season production. If it is proven that ToBRFV is causing major production problems in Antalya then control measures need to be employed. This is the first report of ToBRFV infecting tomato in Turkey.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus is reported infecting tomato in Turkey for the first time.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- ToBRFVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- infecting tomatoe0
- Setting
- Demre near Antalyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the first report of ToBRFV infecting tomato in Turkey”
e1“greenhouse tomato plants growing in Demre near Antalya in the Mediterranean region of Turkey”
Claim · model-written summary
The amplicon from the diseased tomato sample showed 98.0-98.9% sequence identity to ToBRFV isolates from Germany, Israel and Jordan.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- ToBRFVe2pathogen
- Outcome
- sequence identitye2
- Value
- 98.0-98.9%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the first report of ToBRFV infecting tomato in Turkey”
e2“BLAST analysis of the sequence of the amplicon revealed 98.0-98.9% sequence identity to isolates of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Germany, Israel and Jordan”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanically inoculated Bandita F1 tomato plants containing Tm-22 all developed systemic mosaic symptoms and tested positive for ToBRFV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Material
- Bandita F1e3
- Treatment
- mechanically inoculated with extracts from diseased tomato leavese3
- Interactor
- ToBRFVe4pathogen
- Gene
- Tm-22e3
- Outcome
- systemic mosaic symptomse4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Ten plants of a commercial tomato variety, Bandita F1 (Seminis, Turkey) containing the Tm-22 resistance gene were mechanically inoculated with extracts from diseased tomato leaves”
e4“All plants developed systemic mosaic symptoms (Fig. 3) and tested positive for ToBRFV”
Claim · model-written summary
The inoculated tomato plants tested negative for ToMV and TMV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Outcome
- tested negativee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Ten plants of a commercial tomato variety, Bandita F1 (Seminis, Turkey) containing the Tm-22 resistance gene were mechanically inoculated with extracts from diseased tomato leaves”
e5“The inoculated plants tested negative using RT-PCR with primers specific for ToMV and TMV”
Claim · model-written summary
Diseased tomato samples tested negative by RT-PCR for Pepino mosaic virus, TMV, ToMV and Tomato spotted wilt virus.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Pepino mosaic virusPepino mosaic viruse7pathogen
- Second interactor
- Tomato spotted wilt virus
Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee7pathogen - Outcome
- presencee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Since the results of these assays were all negative”
e7“tested by RT-PCR for the presence of Pepino mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus”
e0“Twenty-seven diseased tomato samples were collected from two greenhouses”
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