Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons (summer 1, 2010–2011and summer 2, 2011–2012) and the autumn and spring of 2011. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240, and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 of N and K2O) and five replications was used, with repeated measurements in each season, in a split plot arrangement. The treatments were allocated to the plots and the seasons of the year to the subplots. The phyllochron (PHY),leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), tiller population density (TPD), tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), leaf growth rate (LGR), stem growth rate (SGR), senescence rate (SR), forage accumulation rate (FAR), and leaf accumulation rate (LAR) of Urochloa ruziziensis were evaluated. There was a positive quadratic effect for the PHY and ELR, with maximum values of 4.3 days leaf-1 and 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively. While the SER increased linearly (0.0012 cm day-1 kg-1 of N and K2O) during summer 2. The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons. The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively), while the FAR and LAR increased in a quadratic positive form (maximum values of 175 and 129 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2O, respectively) during summer 2. Urochloa ruziziensis is a forage plant with a high DM production capacity during the summer and a high seasonal forage production.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and potassium fertilization gave a positive quadratic effect on Urochloa ruziziensis phyllochron, maximum 4.3 days per leaf
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensis
Urochloa ruziziensise0 - Treatment
- nitrogen and potassium fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- PHYe2
- Direction
- positive quadratice2
- Value
- 4.3 days leaf-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e2“There was a positive quadratic effect for the PHY and ELR, with maximum values of 4.3 days leaf-1 and 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and potassium fertilization gave a positive quadratic effect on Urochloa ruziziensis leaf elongation rate, maximum 0.43 cm per tiller per day
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and potassium fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- ELRe2
- Direction
- positive quadratice2
- Value
- 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e2“There was a positive quadratic effect for the PHY and ELR, with maximum values of 4.3 days leaf-1 and 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N and K2O increased Urochloa ruziziensis stem elongation rate linearly during summer 2
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- N and K2Oe3
- Outcome
- SERe3
- Direction
- increased linearlye3
- Value
- 0.0012 cm day-1 kg-1e3
- Setting
- summer 2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e3“While the SER increased linearly (0.0012 cm day-1 kg-1 of N and K2O) during summer 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and potassium fertilization increased Urochloa ruziziensis tiller population density linearly
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and potassium fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- TPDe4
- Direction
- increased linearlye4
- Value
- 1.53 tillers m-2e4
- Qualifier
- per kg of N and K2Oe4
- Setting
- spring and both summer seasonse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e4“The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and potassium fertilization increased Urochloa ruziziensis tiller appearance rate linearly
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and potassium fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- TARe4
- Direction
- increased linearlye4
- Value
- 0.04%e4
- Qualifier
- per kg of N and K2Oe4
- Setting
- spring and both summer seasonse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e4“The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and potassium fertilization increased Urochloa ruziziensis tiller mortality rate linearly
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and potassium fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- TMRe4
- Direction
- increased linearlye4
- Value
- 0.02%e4
- Qualifier
- per kg of N and K2Oe4
- Setting
- spring and both summer seasonse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e4“The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
N and K2O application rates increased Urochloa ruziziensis leaf growth rate linearly during summer 2
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- N and K2O application ratese5
- Outcome
- LGRe5
- Direction
- increased linearlye5
- Value
- 0.2809e5
- Qualifier
- kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2Oe5
- Setting
- summer 2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e5“The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
N and K2O application rates increased Urochloa ruziziensis stem growth rate linearly during summer 2
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- N and K2O application ratese5
- Outcome
- SGRe5
- Direction
- increased linearlye5
- Value
- 0.0082e5
- Qualifier
- kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2Oe5
- Setting
- summer 2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e5“The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
N and K2O application rates increased Urochloa ruziziensis senescence rate linearly during summer 2
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- N and K2O application ratese5
- Outcome
- SRe5
- Direction
- increased linearlye5
- Value
- 0.0411e5
- Qualifier
- kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2Oe5
- Setting
- summer 2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e5“The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
N and K2O increased Urochloa ruziziensis forage accumulation rate in a quadratic positive form during summer 2, maximum 175 kg DM ha-1
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- N and K2Oe6
- Outcome
- FARe6
- Direction
- increased in a quadratic positive forme6
- Value
- 175e6
- Qualifier
- corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2Oe6
- Setting
- summer 2e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e6“while the FAR and LAR increased in a quadratic positive form (maximum values of 175 and 129 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2O, respectively) during summer 2”
Claim · model-written summary
N and K2O increased Urochloa ruziziensis leaf accumulation rate in a quadratic positive form during summer 2, maximum 129 kg DM ha-1
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise0
- Treatment
- N and K2Oe6
- Outcome
- LARe6
- Direction
- increased in a quadratic positive forme6
- Value
- 129e6
- Qualifier
- corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2Oe6
- Setting
- summer 2e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons”
e6“while the FAR and LAR increased in a quadratic positive form (maximum values of 175 and 129 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2O, respectively) during summer 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Urochloa ruziziensis has a high dry matter production capacity during the summer
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise7
- Outcome
- DM production capacitye7
- Direction
- highe7
- Qualifier
- during the summere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Urochloa ruziziensis is a forage plant with a high DM production capacity during the summer and a high seasonal forage production”
Claim · model-written summary
Urochloa ruziziensis has a high seasonal forage production
- Taxon
- Urochloa ruziziensisUrochloa ruziziensise7
- Outcome
- forage productione7
- Direction
- highe7
- Qualifier
- seasonale7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Urochloa ruziziensis is a forage plant with a high DM production capacity during the summer and a high seasonal forage production”
The same questions in other papers
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nitrogen · yield · Urochloa ruziziensis (Congo grass)Results agree
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- positive
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.