Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate a set of inbred lines and their hybrids and to determinate the phenotypic and genotypic parameters. In addition, identify the heterosis and combining ability for the studied traits in order to determine the best combinations and the ideal improvement strategy for hybrid production in squash. The experimental study was conducted at El-Baramoon Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute during the two summer season of 2016 and 2017. Six inbred lines selected from Eskandrani cultivar and fifteen F1 hybrids were evaluated for different traits. Significant differences were observed among the hybrids and their parents for all studied traits. Based on mid-parent heterosis, the hybrid (P5 x P6) gave the highest value for early yield per plant (98.51 %) followed by the hybrid (P1 x P4) (90.24%) for the same trait. While heterosis over better parent, the hybrid (P1 x P6) gave the highest value for early yield per plant (78.95 %) followed by the hybrid (P5 x P6) (73.91 %) for the same trait. Furthermore, the highest mid-parent hertrosis for total yield per plant was obtained by the hybrid P4 x P6 (75.0%) followed by P5 x P6 (60.38%) and P4 x P5 (59.65%). Otherwise, the largest heterosis over better parent for total yield per plant were expressed by P4 x P6(61.77%) followed by P4 x P5 (46.77%) and P5 x P6 (37.10%), respectively. General combining ability (GCA) was significant or highly significant for all traits except for early yield per plant and shape index, specific combining ability was highly significant for all traits except for number of node female flower and early yield per plant. The estimated GCA/SCA mean squares revealed that the additive gene effects were the major effect in the inheritance of all studied traits, except for early yield per plant and vitamin C. Also, GCA estimates were larger than their corresponding estimates of SCA for most of the studied traits. The result illustrated that both additive and non-additive gene actions were positive for all studied traits. Heritability in broad sense ranged from 72.95 to 99.46 % for number of node female flower and total soluble solids, respectively. Also, heritability in narrow sense ranged from 28.49 to 81.94 % for number of leaves per plant and fruit shape index. The parent P1, P2 and P3 could be recommended as good combiners for average fruit weight, vitamin C, number of fruits per plant and total yield per plant whereas the P5 and P6 as promising parents for plant height, leaf area, number of leaves per plant , days to anthesis of female flowers, number of node of female flower and total soluble solids.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrids and parents differed significantly across studied traits.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences were observed among the hybrids and their parents for all studied traits.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P5 x P6 had mid-parent heterosis for early yield of 98.51 %.
Verbatim
e0“Based on mid-parent heterosis, the hybrid (P5 x P6) gave the highest value for early yield per plant (98.51 %) followed by the hybrid (P1 x P4) (90.24%) for the same trait.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P1 x P4 had mid-parent heterosis for early yield of 90.24%.
Verbatim
e0“Based on mid-parent heterosis, the hybrid (P5 x P6) gave the highest value for early yield per plant (98.51 %) followed by the hybrid (P1 x P4) (90.24%) for the same trait.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P1 x P6 had better-parent heterosis for early yield of 78.95 %.
Verbatim
e0“While heterosis over better parent, the hybrid (P1 x P6) gave the highest value for early yield per plant (78.95 %) followed by the hybrid (P5 x P6) (73.91 %) for the same trait.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P5 x P6 had better-parent heterosis for early yield of 73.91 %.
Verbatim
e0“While heterosis over better parent, the hybrid (P1 x P6) gave the highest value for early yield per plant (78.95 %) followed by the hybrid (P5 x P6) (73.91 %) for the same trait.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P4 x P6 had mid-parent heterosis for total yield of 75.0%.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the highest mid-parent hertrosis for total yield per plant was obtained by the hybrid P4 x P6 (75.0%) followed by P5 x P6 (60.38%) and P4 x P5 (59.65%).”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P5 x P6 had mid-parent heterosis for total yield of 60.38%.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the highest mid-parent hertrosis for total yield per plant was obtained by the hybrid P4 x P6 (75.0%) followed by P5 x P6 (60.38%) and P4 x P5 (59.65%).”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P4 x P5 had mid-parent heterosis for total yield of 59.65%.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the highest mid-parent hertrosis for total yield per plant was obtained by the hybrid P4 x P6 (75.0%) followed by P5 x P6 (60.38%) and P4 x P5 (59.65%).”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P4 x P6 had better-parent heterosis for total yield of 61.77%.
Verbatim
e0“Otherwise, the largest heterosis over better parent for total yield per plant were expressed by P4 x P6(61.77%) followed by P4 x P5 (46.77%) and P5 x P6 (37.10%), respectively.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P4 x P5 had better-parent heterosis for total yield of 46.77%.
Verbatim
e0“Otherwise, the largest heterosis over better parent for total yield per plant were expressed by P4 x P6(61.77%) followed by P4 x P5 (46.77%) and P5 x P6 (37.10%), respectively.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P5 x P6 had better-parent heterosis for total yield of 37.10%.
Verbatim
e0“Otherwise, the largest heterosis over better parent for total yield per plant were expressed by P4 x P6(61.77%) followed by P4 x P5 (46.77%) and P5 x P6 (37.10%), respectively.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
General combining ability was significant for most traits, except early yield and shape index.
Verbatim
e0“General combining ability (GCA) was significant or highly significant for all traits except for early yield per plant and shape index, specific combining ability was highly significant for all traits except for number of node female flower and early yield per plant.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific combining ability was highly significant for most traits, except node number of female flower and early yield.
Verbatim
e0“General combining ability (GCA) was significant or highly significant for all traits except for early yield per plant and shape index, specific combining ability was highly significant for all traits except for number of node female flower and early yield per plant.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Additive gene effects predominated for most traits except early yield and vitamin C.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated GCA/SCA mean squares revealed that the additive gene effects were the major effect in the inheritance of all studied traits, except for early yield per plant and vitamin C.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
GCA estimates exceeded SCA estimates for most studied traits.
Verbatim
e0“GCA estimates were larger than their corresponding estimates of SCA for most of the studied traits”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Both additive and non-additive gene actions were positive for all traits.
Verbatim
e0“both additive and non-additive gene actions were positive for all studied traits”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-sense heritability ranged from 72.95 to 99.46 %.
Verbatim
e0“Heritability in broad sense ranged from 72.95 to 99.46 % for number of node female flower and total soluble solids, respectively.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 28.49 to 81.94 %.
Verbatim
e0“Also, heritability in narrow sense ranged from 28.49 to 81.94 % for number of leaves per plant and fruit shape index.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P1, P2 and P3 are recommended as good combiners for fruit weight, vitamin C, fruit number and yield.
Verbatim
e0“The parent P1, P2 and P3 could be recommended as good combiners for average fruit weight, vitamin C, number of fruits per plant and total yield per plant whereas the P5 and P6 as promising parents for plant height, leaf area, number of leaves per plant , days to anthesis of female flowers, number of node of female flower and total soluble solids.”
t0“Squash”
Claim · model-written summary
P5 and P6 are promising parents for growth, flowering and soluble solids traits.
Verbatim
e0“The parent P1, P2 and P3 could be recommended as good combiners for average fruit weight, vitamin C, number of fruits per plant and total yield per plant whereas the P5 and P6 as promising parents for plant height, leaf area, number of leaves per plant , days to anthesis of female flowers, number of node of female flower and total soluble solids.”
t0“Squash”