Abstract
Downy mildew is one of the most serious diseases of grapevine (Vitis spp.). The causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, is an obligate biotrophic oomycete. Although oomycete pathogens such as P. viticola are known to secrete RxLR effectors to manipulate host immunity, there have been few studies of the associated mechanisms by which these may act. Here, we show that a candidate P. viticola RxLR effector, PvAvh74, induces cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Using agroinfiltration, we found that nuclear localization, two putative N-glycosylation sites, and 427 amino acids of the PvAVH74 carboxyl terminus were necessary for cell death-inducing activity. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we found that PvAvh74-induced cell death in N. benthamiana requires EDS1, NDR1, SGT1, RAR1 and HSP90, but not BAK1. The MAPK cascade components MEK2, WIPK and SIPK were also involved in PvAvh74-induced cell death in N. benthamiana. Transient expression of PvAvh74 could suppress Phytophthora capsici colonization of N. benthamiana, which suggests that PvAvh74 elicits plant immune responses. Suppression of P. capsici colonization also was dependent on nuclear localization of PvAvh74. Additionally, PvAvh74-triggered cell death could be suppressed by another effector, PvAvh8, from the same isolate. This work provides a framework to further investigate the interactions of PvAvh74 and other RxLR effectors with host immunity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PvAvh74 induced cell death in Nicotiana leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- PvAvh74e0
- Interactor
- P. viticola
Plasmopara viticolae0pathogen - Gene
- PvAvh74e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a candidate P. viticola RxLR effector, PvAvh74, induces cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuclear localization was necessary for PvAvh74 cell-death activity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- PvAVH74e0
- Outcome
- cell death-inducing activitye0
- Qualifier
- nuclear localizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nuclear localization, two putative N-glycosylation sites, and 427 amino acids of the PvAVH74 carboxyl terminus were necessary for cell death-inducing activity”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Two putative N-glycosylation sites were necessary for PvAvh74 cell-death activity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- PvAVH74e0
- Outcome
- cell death-inducing activitye0
- Qualifier
- two putative N-glycosylation sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nuclear localization, two putative N-glycosylation sites, and 427 amino acids of the PvAVH74 carboxyl terminus were necessary for cell death-inducing activity”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The 427 amino acid PvAvh74 carboxyl terminus was necessary for cell-death activity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- PvAVH74e0
- Outcome
- cell death-inducing activitye0
- Value
- 427 amino acidse0
- Qualifier
- carboxyl terminuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nuclear localization, two putative N-glycosylation sites, and 427 amino acids of the PvAVH74 carboxyl terminus were necessary for cell death-inducing activity”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
PvAvh74-induced Nicotiana cell death required EDS1, NDR1, SGT1, RAR1 and HSP90.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- EDS1, NDR1, SGT1, RAR1 and HSP90e0
- Outcome
- PvAvh74-induced cell deathe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PvAvh74-induced cell death in N. benthamiana requires EDS1, NDR1, SGT1, RAR1 and HSP90, but not BAK1”
Claim · model-written summary
PvAvh74-induced Nicotiana cell death did not require BAK1.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- BAK1e0
- Outcome
- PvAvh74-induced cell deathe0
- Qualifier
- but not BAK1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PvAvh74-induced cell death in N. benthamiana requires EDS1, NDR1, SGT1, RAR1 and HSP90, but not BAK1”
Claim · model-written summary
MEK2, WIPK and SIPK were involved in PvAvh74-induced Nicotiana cell death.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- MEK2, WIPK and SIPKe0
- Outcome
- PvAvh74-induced cell deathe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MAPK cascade components MEK2, WIPK and SIPK were also involved in PvAvh74-induced cell death in N. benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PvAvh74 expression suppressed P. capsici colonization of Nicotiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of PvAvh74e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Gene
- PvAvh74e0
- Outcome
- Phytophthora capsici colonizatione0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of PvAvh74 could suppress Phytophthora capsici colonization of N. benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
PvAvh74 nuclear localization was required to suppress P. capsici colonization.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Gene
- PvAvh74e0
- Outcome
- P. capsici colonizatione0
- Qualifier
- dependent on nuclear localizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suppression of P. capsici colonization also was dependent on nuclear localization of PvAvh74”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Another effector, PvAvh8, suppressed PvAvh74-triggered cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- PvAvh8e0
- Gene
- PvAvh8e0
- Outcome
- PvAvh74-triggered cell deathe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PvAvh74-triggered cell death could be suppressed by another effector, PvAvh8, from the same isolate”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Phytophthora capsici · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.