Abstract
During the last three decades pre-emergence soil acting herbicides were used widely for weed control in maize, but for the role of some of them in environmental pollution, world tended to use new chemical group as post emergence herbicides at reduced rates to limit herbicide inputs in environment as alternatives to such mentioned herbicides. For this reason two field experiments were conducted at Mallawy agriculture research station – El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, during 2014 and 2015 summer seasons, to evaluate three spray volumes using two nozzle types and four Maister power as a new post emergence herbicide rates to control weeds in maize field and their effects on maize productivity. Each experiment included twenty four combination treatments arranged in split-split plot design where spray three volumes i.e. 200, 150, 100 litre/faddan were located in the main plots, two nozzle type i.e. TK1 and flat fan nozzles were located in sub-plots and three Maister power herbicide rates i.e. 500 as recommended rate and reduced rates of 400 and 300 cc/faddan as reduced rates as well as untreated check were located in sub sub-plots. The main findings showed that spray Maister power herbicide by 150 L/faddan water carrier is good from view point of total annual weed control which were reduced by 11.2 and 12 % in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, as compared with 200L/faddan. Spray volume can be increased to 200 L water/faddan in case of grassy weeds dominance in flora composition which existedin experimental fields without any harmful effect on maize plants. TK1 nozzle is preferable than flat fan nozzle type which characterized by its good distribution of herbicide spray solution droplets which reflected in improving weed control by 21.6 and 6.6% and increasing maize grain yield per faddan by 3.5 and 7.87% in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, than the case of flat fan nozzle. Using Maister power at reduced rate of 400 cc/faddan was equal with 500cc/faddan without any significant difference in their control of annual weeds or maize productivity in case of the dominance of Xanthium strumarium L., Euphorbia geniculata L., Corchorus olitorius L. and Portulaca oleracea L. as annual broad–leaved weeds. Echinochola colonum L.and Brachiaria reptans as annual grassy weed species. The correlation between weeds and maize yield (ardab/faddan) as well as its components was negative. Thus, the final conclusion indicated that the best alternative for weed control in maize by spraying Maister power herbicide at rate of 400 cc/faddan with 150 L/faddan spray volume. Using TK1 nozzle can improve the efficacy of herbicide application to reduce its rate as compared with recommended rate of this herbicide and, cost and decreasing environmental pollution.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A 150 L/faddan carrier reduced total annual weeds by 11.2% in 2014 versus 200 L/faddan.
- Treatment
- 150 L/faddan water carriere0
- Outcome
- total annual weed controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.2e0
- Qualifier
- 2014e0
- Comparator
- 200L/faddane0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“150 L/faddan water carrier is good from view point of total annual weed control which were reduced by 11.2 and 12 % in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, as compared with 200L/faddan.”
e1“maize field”
Claim · model-written summary
A 150 L/faddan carrier reduced total annual weeds by 12% in 2015 versus 200 L/faddan.
- Treatment
- 150 L/faddan water carriere0
- Outcome
- total annual weed controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12 %e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Comparator
- 200L/faddane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“150 L/faddan water carrier is good from view point of total annual weed control which were reduced by 11.2 and 12 % in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, as compared with 200L/faddan.”
e1“maize field”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 L water/faddan spray volume caused no harmful effect on maize plants.
- Treatment
- 200 L water/faddane0
- Outcome
- harmful effect on maize plantse0
- Direction
- without any harmful effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray volume can be increased to 200 L water/faddan in case of grassy weeds dominance in flora composition which existedin experimental fields without any harmful effect on maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
TK1 nozzles improved weed control by 21.6% in 2014 versus flat fan nozzles.
- Treatment
- TK1 nozzlee0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 21.6e0
- Qualifier
- 2014e0
- Comparator
- flat fan nozzlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TK1 nozzle is preferable than flat fan nozzle type which characterized by its good distribution of herbicide spray solution droplets which reflected in improving weed control by 21.6 and 6.6% and increasing maize grain yield per faddan by 3.5 and 7.87% in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, than the case of flat fan nozzle.”
e1“maize field”
Claim · model-written summary
TK1 nozzles improved weed control by 6.6% in 2015 versus flat fan nozzles.
- Treatment
- TK1 nozzlee0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 6.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Comparator
- flat fan nozzlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TK1 nozzle is preferable than flat fan nozzle type which characterized by its good distribution of herbicide spray solution droplets which reflected in improving weed control by 21.6 and 6.6% and increasing maize grain yield per faddan by 3.5 and 7.87% in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, than the case of flat fan nozzle.”
e1“maize field”
Claim · model-written summary
TK1 nozzles increased maize grain yield by 3.5% in 2014 versus flat fan nozzles.
- Treatment
- TK1 nozzlee0
- Outcome
- maize grain yield per faddane0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 3.5e0
- Qualifier
- 2014e0
- Comparator
- flat fan nozzlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TK1 nozzle is preferable than flat fan nozzle type which characterized by its good distribution of herbicide spray solution droplets which reflected in improving weed control by 21.6 and 6.6% and increasing maize grain yield per faddan by 3.5 and 7.87% in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, than the case of flat fan nozzle.”
Claim · model-written summary
TK1 nozzles increased maize grain yield by 7.87% in 2015 versus flat fan nozzles.
- Treatment
- TK1 nozzlee0
- Outcome
- maize grain yield per faddane0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 7.87%e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Comparator
- flat fan nozzlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TK1 nozzle is preferable than flat fan nozzle type which characterized by its good distribution of herbicide spray solution droplets which reflected in improving weed control by 21.6 and 6.6% and increasing maize grain yield per faddan by 3.5 and 7.87% in 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively, than the case of flat fan nozzle.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 400 cc/faddan rate gave statistically similar annual weed control to 500 cc/faddan.
- Treatment
- Maister power at reduced rate of 400 cc/faddane0
- Outcome
- control of annual weedse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Comparator
- 500cc/faddane0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Using Maister power at reduced rate of 400 cc/faddan was equal with 500cc/faddan without any significant difference in their control of annual weeds or maize productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The 400 cc/faddan rate gave statistically similar maize productivity to 500 cc/faddan.
- Treatment
- Maister power at reduced rate of 400 cc/faddane0
- Outcome
- maize productivitye0
- Direction
- equale0
- Comparator
- 500cc/faddane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using Maister power at reduced rate of 400 cc/faddan was equal with 500cc/faddan without any significant difference in their control of annual weeds or maize productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds were negatively correlated with maize yield and yield components.
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- maize yield (ardab/faddan) as well as its componentse0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The correlation between weeds and maize yield (ardab/faddan) as well as its components was negative.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended 400 cc/faddan Maister power with 150 L/faddan spray volume for maize weed control.
- Treatment
- Maister power herbicide at rate of 400 cc/faddan with 150 L/faddan spray volumee0
- Outcome
- best alternative for weed control in maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the best alternative for weed control in maize by spraying Maister power herbicide at rate of 400 cc/faddan with 150 L/faddan spray volume.”