Abstract
ABSTRACT: The combination of herbicides and other pesticides can influence weed and crop management. This study aimed to evaluate the response of the combination of different herbicides with insecticides or fungicides of different chemical groups on the development and yield of wheat grains of the cultivar ORS Vintecinco. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of 33 treatments, as follows: control without application and application of the herbicides 2,4-D (1,005 g a.e. ha-1), bentazon (756 g a.i. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3 g a.i. ha-1), and pyroxsulam (16 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or combined with the insecticides chlorfluazuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyrifos (720 g a.i. ha-1), deltamethrin (5 g a.i. ha-1), and methomyl (5 g a.i. ha-1) or with the fungicides azoxystrobin (100 g a.i. ha-1), carbendazim (250 g a.i. ha-1), and propiconazole (190 g a.i. ha-1). Relative tolerance (RT), shoot dry matter (SDM), yield components, and grain yield were evaluated. In general, pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides, reducing RT and SDM, especially the combination pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos due to a lower RT level (45%) and higher SDM reduction (52%). All combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and most of the combinations with the fungicide propiconazole led to a reduction of grain yield when compared to their isolated application or to control without application.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- pyroxsulame0
- Outcome
- number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicidese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxsulam combinations reduced wheat relative tolerance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxsulame0
- Outcome
- RTe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides, reducing RT and SDM”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxsulam combinations reduced wheat shoot dry matter.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxsulame0
- Outcome
- SDMe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides, reducing RT and SDM”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxsulam plus chlorpyrifos produced a low wheat relative tolerance level of 45%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifose0
- Outcome
- RT levele0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 45%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos due to a lower RT level (45%)”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxsulam plus chlorpyrifos reduced wheat shoot dry matter by 52%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifose0
- Outcome
- SDMe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combination pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos due to a lower RT level (45%) and higher SDM reduction (52%)”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Every chlorpyrifos and herbicide combination reduced wheat grain yield relative to isolated application or untreated control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifose0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- their isolated application or to control without applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and most of the combinations with the fungicide propiconazole led to a reduction of grain yield when compared to their isolated application or to control without application.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Most propiconazole and herbicide combinations reduced wheat grain yield relative to isolated application or untreated control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combinations with the fungicide propiconazolee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- most of the combinationse0
- Comparator
- their isolated application or to control without applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and most of the combinations with the fungicide propiconazole led to a reduction of grain yield when compared to their isolated application or to control without application.”
t0“Wheat Plants”
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