Abstract
High input costs combined with multiple management and material inputs have threatened cotton productivity. We hypothesize that this problem can be addressed by a single fertilization at flowering with late sowing in a moderately populated plant stand. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the cotton biomass accumulation, phosphorus dynamics, and fiber quality under three planting densities (low, 3 × 104; moderate, 6 × 104; and dense, 9 × 104 ha−1) and two cultivars (Zhongmian-16 and J-4B). High planting density had 6.2 and 12.6% larger stems and fruiting nodes m−2, while low density produced a 37.5 and 59.4% maximum height node ratio. Moderate density produced 26.4–15.5%, 24.7–12.6%, and 10.5–13.6% higher biomass accumulation rate at the peak bloom, boll set, and plant removal stages over low and high density in both years, respectively. J-4B produced a higher reproductive organs biomass yield when compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years. This higher biomass formation was due to both the higher average (0.8 VT kg·ha−1·d−1) and maximum (1.0 VM kg·ha−1·d−1) reproductive organ phosphorus uptake, respectively. Plants with low density had 5.3–18.5%, 9.5–15%, and 7.8–12.8% greater length, strength, and micronaire values over moderate and dense plants, respectively. Conclusively, moderate density with J-4B is a promising option for improved biomass, phosphorus acquisition, and fiber quality under a short season.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
High density increased stem number by 6.2%.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- High planting densitye0
- Outcome
- stemse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 6.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High planting density had 6.2 and 12.6% larger stems and fruiting nodes m−2”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
High density increased fruiting node number by 12.6%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- High planting densitye0
- Outcome
- fruiting nodes m−2e0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 12.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High planting density had 6.2 and 12.6% larger stems and fruiting nodes m−2”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Low density raised maximum height node ratio.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- low densitye0
- Outcome
- maximum height node ratioe0
- Value
- 37.5 and 59.4%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low density produced a 37.5 and 59.4% maximum height node ratio”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density increased peak bloom biomass accumulation rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- peak bloome0
- Treatment
- Moderate densitye0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulation ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 26.4–15.5%e0
- Comparator
- low and high densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate density produced 26.4–15.5%, 24.7–12.6%, and 10.5–13.6% higher biomass accumulation rate at the peak bloom, boll set, and plant removal stages over low and high density in both years, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density increased boll set biomass accumulation rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- boll sete0
- Treatment
- Moderate densitye0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulation ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24.7–12.6%e0
- Comparator
- low and high densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate density produced 26.4–15.5%, 24.7–12.6%, and 10.5–13.6% higher biomass accumulation rate at the peak bloom, boll set, and plant removal stages over low and high density in both years, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density increased biomass accumulation at plant removal.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- plant removale0
- Treatment
- Moderate densitye0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulation ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.5–13.6%e0
- Comparator
- low and high densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate density produced 26.4–15.5%, 24.7–12.6%, and 10.5–13.6% higher biomass accumulation rate at the peak bloom, boll set, and plant removal stages over low and high density in both years, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
J-4B produced higher reproductive organ biomass than Zhongmian-16.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- J-4Be0
- Outcome
- reproductive organs biomass yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Zhongmian-16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“J-4B produced a higher reproductive organs biomass yield when compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher average phosphorus uptake contributed to higher biomass.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive organe0
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.8 VT kg·ha−1·d−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher average (0.8 VT kg·ha−1·d−1) and maximum (1.0 VM kg·ha−1·d−1) reproductive organ phosphorus uptake”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher maximum phosphorus uptake contributed to higher biomass.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive organe0
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.0 VM kg·ha−1·d−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher average (0.8 VT kg·ha−1·d−1) and maximum (1.0 VM kg·ha−1·d−1) reproductive organ phosphorus uptake”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Low density increased fiber length by 5.3–18.5%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- low densitye0
- Outcome
- lengthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 5.3–18.5%e0
- Comparator
- moderate and dense plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants with low density had 5.3–18.5%, 9.5–15%, and 7.8–12.8% greater length, strength, and micronaire values over moderate and dense plants, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Low density increased fiber strength by 9.5–15%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- low densitye0
- Outcome
- strengthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 9.5–15%e0
- Comparator
- moderate and dense plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants with low density had 5.3–18.5%, 9.5–15%, and 7.8–12.8% greater length, strength, and micronaire values over moderate and dense plants, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Low density increased fiber micronaire by 7.8–12.8%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- low densitye0
- Outcome
- micronaire valuese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 7.8–12.8%e0
- Comparator
- moderate and dense plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants with low density had 5.3–18.5%, 9.5–15%, and 7.8–12.8% greater length, strength, and micronaire values over moderate and dense plants, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate density with J-4B was recommended for biomass, phosphorus and fiber quality.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- J-4Be0
- Outcome
- moderate density with J-4B is a promising optione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate density with J-4B is a promising option for improved biomass, phosphorus acquisition, and fiber quality under a short season”
t0“Cotton”
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