Abstract
Crop health management systems can be designed according to practices that help to reduce crop losses by restricting pathogen development and promoting host plant growth. A good understanding of pathogen and host dynamics, which are interdependent, is therefore needed. In this article, we used a holistic approach to explain the behavior of coffee leaf rust (CLR), a major coffee disease. We monitored coffee plant and CLR dynamics simultaneously in plots under different disease management and agroforestry systems. Diseased leaves were also collected to characterize inoculum stock and rust life stages (latent rust area, area with uredospores, necrosis due to rust) through picture analysis. We used structural equation modeling to obtain an overview of CLR pathosystem functioning on a plant scale. This overview integrates processes such as disease dilution by host leaf renewal, direct and indirect effects of fruit load on CLR development, antagonistic effects of shading depending on rust life stages, the tonic effect of copper-based fungicides on leaf retention, and effects on rust life stages depending on fungicide types. From our results, we also deduced that the inoculum stock could be calculated in unsprayed plots from the rust area with uredospores, with uredospores at 58 × 10 3 cm −2 , on average.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Host leaf renewal dilutes coffee leaf rust, decreasing rust intensity on Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabica
Coffea arabicat0 - Treatment
- host leaf renewale1
- Interactor
- coffee leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease dilutione1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e0“coffee leaf rust (CLR), a major coffee disease”
e1“disease dilution by host leaf renewal”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper-based fungicides had a tonic effect that increased leaf retention in Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Treatment
- copper-based fungicidese4
- Outcome
- leaf retentione4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e4“the tonic effect of copper-based fungicides on leaf retention”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading had antagonistic effects on coffee leaf rust, decreasing rust development depending on rust life stage.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Treatment
- shadinge3
- Interactor
- coffee leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- rust life stagese3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Qualifier
- depending on rust life stagese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e0“coffee leaf rust (CLR), a major coffee disease”
e3“antagonistic effects of shading depending on rust life stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit load had direct and indirect effects on coffee leaf rust development in Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Treatment
- fruit loade2
- Interactor
- coffee leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- CLR developmente2
- Qualifier
- direct and indirect effectse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e0“coffee leaf rust (CLR), a major coffee disease”
e2“direct and indirect effects of fruit load on CLR development”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide types had effects on coffee leaf rust life stages in Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Treatment
- fungicide typese5
- Interactor
- coffee leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- rust life stagese5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e0“coffee leaf rust (CLR), a major coffee disease”
e5“effects on rust life stages depending on fungicide types”
Claim · model-written summary
In unsprayed Coffea arabica plots, coffee leaf rust inoculum can be estimated from the rust area with uredospores, averaging 58 × 10 3 cm −2 uredospores.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Interactor
- coffee leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- uredosporese6
- Value
- 58 × 10 3 cm −2e6
- Qualifier
- on averagee6
- Setting
- unsprayed plotse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e6“the inoculum stock could be calculated in unsprayed plots from the rust area with uredospores, with uredospores at 58 × 10 3 cm −2 , on average”
e0“coffee leaf rust (CLR), a major coffee disease”